Vietnamese Penal Code (KUHP)

PENAL CODE

(No. 15/1999/QH10)

FOREWORD

Criminal law constitutes one of the sharp and effective instruments to
prevent and combat crime, actively contributing to the defense of
independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the
socialist Vietnamese Fatherland, the protection of the interests of
the State as well as the legitimate rights and interests of citizens
and organizations. It also contributes to the maintenance of social
order and security and economic management order and provides security
for all people to live in a safe, healthy and highly humane social and
ecological environment. At the same time the criminal law actively
contributes to doing away with elements which obstruct the process of
renewal and national industrialization and modernization for a
prosperous people, a strong country and an equitable and civilized
society.

This Penal Code has been made on the basis of inheriting and promoting
the principles and institutions of Vietnam's criminal legislation,
particularly the 1985 Penal Code, as well as experiences drawn from
the reality of the struggle to prevent and combat crimes over many
decades of the process of national construction and defense.

The Penal Code demonstrates the spirit of active prevention and
resolute combat against crimes through penalties in order to deter,
educate, convert and reform offenders into honest people; thereby to
imbue every citizen with the spirit and sense of being masters of the
society, the sense of law observance and active participation in crime
prevention and combat.

To strictly implement the Penal Code is the common task of all
agencies, organizations and the entire population.

GENERAL PART

Chapter I

FUNDAMENTAL PROVISIONS

Article 1.-
The tasks of the Penal Code

The Penal Code has the tasks of protecting the socialist regime, the
people's mastership, equality among people of various nationalities,
the interests of the State, the legitimate rights and interests of
citizens and organizations, protecting the socialist law order,
opposing all acts of criminal offense; at the same time educating
people in the sense of law observance and struggle to prevent and
combat crime.

In order to carry out such tasks, the Penal Code defines crimes and
the penalties for offenders.

Article 2.-
Basis of penal liabilities

Only those persons who have committed crimes defined by the Penal Code
shall bear the penal liabilities therefor.

Article 3.-
Handling principles

1. All acts of criminal offenses must be timely detected and handled
in a prompt, just and enlightened manner in strict accordance with
laws.

2. All offenders are equal before the law, regardless of their sex,
nationality, beliefs, religion, social class and status.

To severely penalize conspirators, ringleaders, commanders, die-hard
opposers, wrong-doers, hooligans, dangerous recidivists, those who
have abused their positions and powers to commit crimes and those who
have committed crimes with treacherous ploys, in an organized and
professional manner, with intention to cause serious consequences.

To grant leniency to persons who make confessions, make honest
declarations, denounce accomplices, redeem their faults with
achievements, show repentance, voluntarily right themselves or make
compensation for damage they have caused.

3. For first-time offenders of less serious crimes, who have shown
their repentance, penalties lighter than imprisonment may be imposed,
and they may be placed under the supervision and education of
agencies, organizations or families.

4. For persons sentenced to imprisonment, they must be compelled to
serve their sentences in detention camps, to labor and study so as to
become persons useful to society; if they make marked progress, they
shall be considered for commutation of their penalties.

5. Persons who have completely served their sentences shall be given
conditions to work and live honestly, to integrate themselves into the
community, and when they fully meet the conditions prescribed by law,
their criminal records shall be wiped.

Article 4.-
Responsibility to struggle for crime prevention and combat

1. The police, procuracy, court, judicial and inspection bodies and
other concerned agencies shall fulfill their respective functions and
tasks and at the same time guide and assist other State bodies,
organizations and citizens in preventing and combating crime as well
as in supervising and educating offenders at community level.

2. The agencies and organizations have a duty to educate people under
their respective management in raising their vigilance, the sense of
law protection and observance, and respect for the regulations of
socialist life; to take timely measures to eliminate the causes of and
conditions for committing crimes in their respective agencies and
organizations.

3. All citizens have the obligation to actively participate in the
struggle to prevent and combat crimes.

Chapter II

EFFECT OF THE PENAL CODE

Article 5.-
The effect of the Penal Code on criminal acts committed in the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

1. The Penal Code applies to all acts of criminal offenses committed
in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. For foreigners who commit offense in the territory of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam but are entitled to diplomatic immunities or
consular privileges and immunities under Vietnamese laws,
international treaties which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has
signed or acceded to or the international practices, their criminal
liabilities shall be settled through diplomatic channels.

Article 6.-
The effect of the Penal Code on criminal acts committed outside the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

1. Vietnamese citizens who commit offenses outside the territory of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam may be examined for penal liability
in Vietnam according to this Code.

This provision also applies to stateless persons who permanently
reside in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. Foreigners who commit offenses outside the territory of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam may be examined for penal liability
according to the Penal Code of Vietnam in circumstances provided for
in the international treaties which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
has signed or acceded to.

Article 7.-
The temporal application of the Penal Code

1. The provision applying to a criminal act shall be the provision
currently in force at the time such criminal act is committed.

2. Provisions defining a new offense, a heavier penalty, a new
aggravating circumstance or restricting the scope of application of
suspended sentences, the exemption of penal liability and/or
penalties, the reduction of penalties or remission of criminal
records, and other provisions not in favor of the offenders, shall not
apply to acts of criminal offense committed before such provisions
take effect.

3. Provisions canceling an offense, a penalty, an aggravating
circumstance and/or defining a lighter penalty, an extenuating
circumstance or broadening the scope of application of suspended
sentences, the exemption of penal liability, penalties, the reduction
of penalties, the remission of criminal records and other provisions
in favor of the offenders, shall apply to acts of criminal offenses
committed before such provisions take effect.

Chapter III

CRIMES

Article 8.-
Definition of crime

1. A crime is an act dangerous to the society prescribed in the Penal
Code, committed intentionally or unintentionally by a person having
the penal liability capacity, infringing upon the independence,
sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Fatherland,
infringing upon the political regime, the economic regime, culture,
defense, security, social order and safety, the legitimate rights and
interests of organizations, infringing upon the life, health, honor,
dignity, freedom, property, as well as other legitimate rights and
interests of citizens, and infringing upon other socialist
legislation.

2. Based on the nature and extent of danger to the society of acts
prescribed in this Code, crimes are classified into less serious
crimes, serious crimes, very serious crimes and particularly serious
crimes,

3. Less serious crimes are crimes which cause no great harm to society
and the maximum penalty bracket for such crimes is three years of
imprisonment; serious crimes are crimes which cause great harm to
society and the maximum penalty bracket for such crimes is seven years
of imprisonment; very serious crimes are crimes which cause very great
harm to society and the maximum penalty bracket for such crimes is
fifteen years of imprisonment; particularly serious crimes are crimes
which cause exceptionally great harms to society and the maximum
penalty bracket for such crimes shall be over fifteen years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

4. Acts showing signs of crime but which pose minimal danger to
society are not crimes and shall be handled by other measures.

Article 9.-
Intentional commission of crimes

The intentional commission of a crime is commission of crime in the
following circumstances:

1. The offenders are aware that their acts are dangerous to society,
foresee the consequences of such acts and wish such consequences to
occur;

2. The offenders are aware that their acts are dangerous to society,
foresee the consequences that such acts may entail and do not wish,
but consciously allow, such consequences to occur.

Article 10.-
Unintentional commission of crimes

The unintentional commission of a crime is commission of crime in the
following circumstances:

1. The offenders foresee that their acts may cause harmful
consequences to society, but think that such consequences shall not
occur or can be warded off;

2. The offenders do not foresee that their acts may cause harmful
consequences to the society though they must have foreseen or did
foresee such consequences.

Article 11.-
Unexpected events

Persons who commit acts which cause harmful consequences to the
society due to unexpected events, namely in circumstances which they
cannot, or are not compelled to, foresee the consequences of such
acts, shall not have to bear penal liability therefor.

Article 12.-
Ages subject to penal liability

1. Persons aged full 16 or older shall have to bear penal liability
for all crimes they commit.

2. Persons aged full 14 or older but under 16 shall have to bear penal
liability for very serious crimes intentionally committed or
particularly serious crimes.

Article 13.-
The state of having no penal liability capacity

1. Persons who commit acts dangerous to the society while suffering
from mental disease or disease which deprives them of their capability
to be aware of or to control their acts, shall not have to bear penal
liability therefor; to these persons, the measure of enforced
hospitalization shall apply.

2. Persons who commit crimes while having penal liability but falling
into the state prescribed in Clause 1, of this Article, before being
sentenced, shall be subjected to enforced hospitalization. After
recovering from the illness, such persons may bear penal liability.

Article 14.-
Committing crimes while in the state of being intoxicated due to the
use of alcohol or other strong stimulants

Persons who commit crimes while in the state of being intoxicated due
to the use of alcohol or other strong stimulants shall still bear
penal liability therefor.

Article 15.- Legitimate defense

1. Legitimate defense is an act of persons who, for the purpose of
protecting the interests of the State and/or organizations, as well as
the legitimate rights and interests of their own or other persons,
need to fight against persons who are committing acts infringing upon
the interests of the above-mentioned.

Legitimate defense is not a crime.

2. Acting beyond the prescribed legitimate defense limit is the act of
fighting back in a manner incompatible with the nature and the extent
of danger posed to the society by the act of infringement.

Persons who act beyond the limit of legitimate defense shall bear
penal liability therefor.

Article 16.-
Urgent circumstances

1. The urgent circumstance is the circumstance in which persons who,
because of wanting to ward off a danger practically jeopardizing the
interests of the State and/or organizations, the legitimate rights and
interests of their own or other persons and having no other
alternatives, have to cause damage smaller than the damage to be
warded off.

Acts causing damage in urgent circumstances are not crimes.

2. Where the damage caused is obviously beyond the requirement of the
urgent circumstance, the persons who cause such damage shall bear
penal liability therefor.

Article 17.-
Preparation for crime commission

Preparation for crime commission is to search for, prepare instruments
or create other conditions for committing crimes.

Persons who prepare for the commission of a very serious crime or a
particularly serious crime shall bear penal liability for their
attempted crime.

Article 18.-
Incompleted commission of a crime

Incompleted commission of a crime is an intentional commission of a
crime which cannot be carried out to the end due to causes beyond the
control of the offender.

Persons who commit incompleted crimes shall bear penal liability
therefor.

Article 19.-
Voluntary termination of unfinished crimes

To voluntarily terminate the commission of a crime is to refuse at
one's own will to carry out a crime to the end though nothing stands
in the way.

A person who voluntarily terminates the commission of a crime shall be
exempt from penal liability for the attempted crime; if the act
actually committed fully consists of elements of another crime, such
person shall bear penal liability for such crime.

Article 20.-
Complicity

1. Complicity is where two or more persons intentionally commit a
crime.

2. The organizers, executors, instigators and helpers are all
accomplices.

The executors are those who actually carry out the crimes.

The organizers are those who mastermind, lead and direct the execution
of crimes.

The instigators are those who incite, induce and encourage other
persons to commit crimes.

The helpers are those who create spiritual or material conditions for
the commission of crimes.

3. The organized commission of a crime is a form of complicity with
close collusion among persons who jointly commit the crime.

Article 21.-
Concealment of crimes

Any person who, though having not earlier promised anything, knows a
crime has been committed and conceals the offender, traces and/or
exhibits of the crime or commits the act of obstructing the detection,
investigation and/or handling of the offender, shall bear penal
liability for the concealment of crime as provided for by this Code.

Article 22.-
Non-denunciation of crimes

1. Any person who knows a crime is being prepared, carried out or has
been completed but fails to denounce it shall bear penal liability for
having failed to denounce it as provided for in Article 313 of this
Code.

2. The grand-father, grand-mother, father, mother, offspring,
grandchild, sibling, wife or husband of an offender, who fails to
denounce the latter's crime, shall bear penal liability only in cases
of failing to denounce crimes against national security or
particularly serious crimes prescribed in Article 313 of this Code.

Chapter IV

STATUTE OF LIMITATION FOR PENAL LIABILITY EXAMINATION,
PENAL LIABILITY EXEMPTION

Article 23.-
Statute of limitation for penal liability examination

1. The statute of limitation for penal liability examination is the
time limit prescribed by this Code upon the expiry of which the
offender shall not be examined for penal liability.

2. The statute of limitation for penal liability examination is
stipulated as follows:

a) Five years for less serious crimes;

b) Ten years for serious crimes;

c) Fifteen years for very serious crimes;

d) Twenty years for particularly serious crimes.

3. The statute of limitation shall begin from the date a crime is
committed. If within the time limit prescribed in Clause 2 of this
Article, the offender commits a new crime for which this Code
stipulates a maximum penalty of over one year, the time already past
must not be counted and the statute of limitation for the previous
crime shall be re-calculated from the date the new crime is committed.

If within the above-said time limit, the offender deliberately flees
and is being hunted for by warrant, the time of fleeing away must not
be counted and the statute of limitation shall be re-calculated from
such time the person gives him/herself up or is arrested.

Article 24.-
Non-application of statute of limitation for penal liability
examination

The statute of limitation for penal liability examination prescribed
in Article 23 of this Code shall not apply to crimes provided for in
Chapter XI and Chapter XXIV of this Code

Article 25.-
Penal liability exemption

1. An offender shall be exempt from penal liability if during the
investigation, prosecution or trial, due to a change of situation, the
act of criminal offense of the offender is no longer dangerous to the
society.

2. If before the act of criminal offense is detected, the offender
gives him/herself up and clearly declares and reports facts, thus
effectively contributing to the detection and investigation of the
crime and trying to minimize the consequences of the crime, he/she may
also be exempt from penal liability.

3. Offenders shall be exempt from penal liability when there are
decisions on general amnesties.

Chapter V

PENALTIES

Article 26.-
Definition of penalty

Penalty is the most severe coercise measure applied by the State so as
to strip or restrict the rights and interests of the offenders.

Penalties are provided for in the Penal Code and decided by the court.

Article 27.-
The purpose of penalty

Penalties aim not only to punish offenders but also to rehabilitate
them into persons useful to society and having the sense of observing
laws and regulations of the socialist life, preventing them from
committing new crimes. Penalties also aim to educate other people to
respect laws and prevent and combat crimes.

Article 28.-
Penalties

Penalties include principal penalties and additional penalties.

1. The principal penalties include:

a) Warning;

b) Fine;

c) Non-custodial reform;

d) Expulsion;

e) Termed imprisonment;

f) Life imprisonment;

g) Death penalty.

2. The additional penalties include:

a) Ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain occupations or
doing certain jobs;

b) Ban on residence;

c) Probation;

d) Deprivation of some civic rights

e) Confiscation of property;

f) Fine, when it is not applied as a principal penalty;

g) Expulsion, when it is not applied as a principal penalty.

3. For each offense, the offender shall be subject to only one
principal penalty and may be subject to one or more additional
penalties.

Article 29.-
Warning

Warning applies to offenders of less serious crimes involving
extenuating circumstances not warranting penalty exemption.

Article 30.-
Fine

1. Fine is applied as a principal penalty to offenders of less serious
crimes of infringing upon the economic management order, public order,
administrative management order and a number of other crimes
prescribed by this Code.

2. Fine is applied as an additional penalty to persons who commit
corruption or drug-related crimes or other crimes prescribed by this
Code.

3. The fine level shall depend on the nature and seriousness of the
crimes committed and take into account the property situation of the
offenders and the fluctuation of prices, but must not be lower than
one million dong.

4. The fine money can be paid in a lump sum or installments within the
time limits decided by the courts in judgements.

Article 31.-
Non-custodial reform

1. Non-custodial reform of between six months and three years applies
to persons committing less serious crimes or serious crimes prescribed
by this Code who have stable working places or clear residence places
if it is deemed unnecessary to separate the offenders from society.

If a sentenced person has been held in custody and/or detained, the
time spent in custody and/or detention shall be subtracted from the
total period of their non-custodial reform, with one day of custody
and/or detention being equal to three days of non-custodial reform.

2. The courts shall assign the persons subject to non-custodial reform
to the agencies or organizations where such persons work or to the
authorities of the places where such persons permanently reside for
supervision and education. The sentenced persons' families shall have
to coordinate with agencies, organizations and local authorities in
the supervision and education of such persons.

3. The sentenced persons shall have to perform a number of duties
according to the provisions on non-custodial reform and be subject to
between 5% and 20% deduction of their incomes for remittance into the
State's fund. For special cases, the courts may order the exemption of
income deduction, but must clearly inscribe the reasons for such
exemption in the judgement.

Article 32.-
Expulsion

Expulsion means to order sentenced foreigners to depart from the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Expulsion is applied by courts either as a principal penalty or an
additional penalty, depending on each specific case.

Article 33.-
Termed imprisonment

Termed imprisonment means forcing the sentenced persons to serve their
penalties at detention camps for a certain period of time. The termed
imprisonment for persons who commit one crime shall range from the
minimum level of three months to the maximum level of twenty years.

Time spent in custody and/or detention prior to sentencing shall be
subtracted from the duration of the term of imprisonment penalty with
one day of custody and/or detention being equal to one day of
imprisonment.

Article 34.-
Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment is the penalty of indefinite imprisonment applicable
to persons who commit particularly serious crimes, but not so as to
warrant being sentenced to death.

Life imprisonment shall not apply to juvenile offenders.

Article 35.-
Death penalty

Death penalty is a special penalty only applied to persons committing
particularly serious crimes.

Death penalty shall not apply to juvenile offenders, pregnant women
and women nursing children under 36 months old at the time of
committing crimes or being tried.

Death penalty shall not apply to pregnant women and women nursing
their children under 36 months old. For these cases, the death penalty
shall be converted into life imprisonment.

In cases where persons sentenced to death enjoy commutation, the death
penalty shall be converted into life imprisonment.

Article 36.-
Ban from holding certain posts, ban from practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs

The ban from holding certain posts, ban from practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs shall apply when it is deemed that
to allow the sentenced persons to hold such posts, practice such
occupations or do such jobs, may cause harm to society.

The ban duration ranges from one year to five years from the date the
imprisonment penalty is completely served or the judgement takes legal
effect if the principal penalty is a warning, fine, non-custodial
reform or in cases where persons are sentenced to a suspended
sentence.

Article 37.-
Ban from residence

Ban from residence means forcing persons sentenced to imprisonment not
to take temporary or permanent residence in certain localities.

The residence ban duration ranges from one year to five years from the
date the imprisonment penalty is completely served.

Article 38.-
Probation

Probation means forcing the sentenced persons to reside, earn their
living and reform themselves in a certain locality under the
supervision and education of the local administration and people.
During the probation period, the sentenced persons must not leave
their residence places and are deprived of a number of civic rights
according to Article 39 of this Code and banned from practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs.

Probation applies to persons who commit crimes infringing upon
national security, dangerous recidivists or in other cases stipulated
by this Code.

The probation duration ranges from one year to five years from the
date the imprisonment penalty is completely served.

Article 39.-
Deprivation of certain civic rights

1. A Vietnamese citizen sentenced to imprisonment for his/her crime of
infringing upon national security or committing another crime
prescribed by this Code shall be deprived of the following civic
rights:

a) The right to stand for election and to elect deputies to the State
power bodies;

b) The right to work in the State bodies and to render service in the
people's armed forces.

2. The time limits for civic right deprivation range from one year to
five years after the imprisonment penalty is completely served or the
judgement takes legal effect in casew where the sentenced person
enjoys a suspended sentence.

Article 40.-
Confiscation of property

Confiscation of property means to confiscate part or whole of the
sentenced person's property for remittance into the State's fund. The
property confiscation shall apply only to persons sentenced for
serious crimes, very serious crimes or particularly serious crimes
prescribed by this Code.

When all their property is confiscated, the sentenced persons and
their families shall still be left with conditions to live.

Chapter VI

JUDICIAL MEASURES

Article 41.-
Confiscation of objects and money directly related to crimes

1. The property confiscation for State funds shall apply to:

a) Tools and means used for the commission of crimes;

b) Objects or money acquired through the commission of crime or the
trading or exchange of such things;

c) Objects banned from circulation by the State.

2. Things and/or money illegally seized or used by offenders shall not
be confiscated but returned to their lawful owners or managers.

3. Things and/or money of other persons, if these persons are at fault
in letting offenders use them in the commission of crimes, may be
confiscated for State funds.

Article 42.-
Return of property, repair or compensation for damage; compelling to
make public apologies

1. Offenders must return appropriated property to their lawful owners
or managers and repair or compensate for material damage determined as
having been caused by their offenses.

2. In case of moral damage caused by the offense, the court shall
compel the offenders to make material compensation and public
apologies to the victims.

Article 43.-
Compulsory medical treatment

1. For persons who commit acts dangerous to society while they are
suffering from the diseases prescribed in Clause 1, Article 13 of this
Code, depending on the procedural stages, the procuracies or the
court, basing themselves on the conclusion of the Medical Examination
Council, may decide to send them to specialized medical establishments
for compulsory medical treatment; if deeming it unnecessary to send
them to specialized medical establishments, it may assign such persons
to the care of their families or guardians under the supervision of
competent State bodies.

2. For persons who commit crimes while having penal liability capacity
but, before being sentenced, they have suffered from illness to the
extent of losing their cognitive capability or the capability to
control their acts, the courts, basing themselves on the conclusion of
the Medical Examination Council, may decide to send them to
specialized medical establishment for compulsory treatment. After
their recovery from illness, such persons may bear penal liability.

3. For persons who are serving their penalties but are suffering from
illness to the extent of losing their cognitive capability or the
capability to control their acts, the courts, basing themselves on the
conclusion of the Medical Examination Council, may decide to send them
to specialized medical establishments for compulsory treatment. After
their recovery from illness, such persons shall continue serving their
penalties, if they have no reasons for exemption from serving their
penalties.

Article 44.-
The compulsory medical treatment duration

Based on the conclusion of the medical treatment establishments, if
the persons compelled to have medical treatment as provided for in
Article 43 of this Code have recovered from illness, depending on the
procedural stages, the procuracies or the courts shall consider and
decide to suspend the application of this measure.

The compulsory medical treatment duration shall be subtracted from the
term of imprisonment imposed.

Chapter VII

DECIDING PENALTIES

Article 45.-
Bases for deciding penalties

When deciding penalties, the courts shall base themselves on the
provisions of the Penal Code, taking into consideration the nature and
extent of danger posed to society by the acts of offense, the personal
records of the offenders, and any circumstances that extenuate or
aggravate the penal liability.

Article 46.-
Circumstances extenuating penal liability

1. The following circumstances are considered as extenuating the penal
liability:

a) Offenders have prevented and/or reduced the harm caused by their
offenses;

b) Offenders volunteer to repair, compensate for the damage or
overcome the consequences;

c) Crimes are committed in cases where it is beyond the limit of
legitimate defense;

d) Crimes are committed in cases where it is beyond the requirements
of the urgent situation;

e) Crimes are committed in cases where offenders are mentally incited
by the illegal acts of the victims or other persons;

f) Crimes are committed due to particular difficulty plights not
caused by themselves;

g) Crimes are committed but no damage or minor damage is caused;

h) Crimes are committed by first time offenders and in cases of less
serious crimes;

i) Crimes are committed due to threats and/or coercion by other
persons;

j) Crimes are committed due to ignorance;

k) Offenders are pregnant women;

l) Offenders are aged persons;

m) Offenders are persons suffering from illnesses that restrict their
cognitive capability or the capability to control their acts;

n) Offenders give themselves up;

o) Offenders make honest declarations and reports and show their
repentance;

p) Offenders who actively help responsible bodies detect and
investigate the crimes;

q) The offenders have redeemed their faults with achievements;

r) The offenders are persons who have recorded outstanding
achievements in production, combat, study or work.

2. When deciding penalties, the court may also consider other
circumstances as extenuating, but must clearly inscribe them in the
judgment.

3. The extenuating circumstances which have been prescribed by the
Penal Code as signs for determining crimes or determining the penalty
bracket shall not be considered extenuating circumstances for the
purpose of deciding penalties.

Article 47.-
Deciding penalties lighter than those prescribed by the Penal Code

Where there exist at least two extenuating circumstances as provided
in Clause 1, Article 46 of this Code, the courts may decide a penalty
under the lowest level of the penalty bracket stipulated by the law,
which, however, must lie within the adjacent lighter penalty bracket
of the law; where the law contains only one penalty bracket or such
penalty bracket is the highest penalty bracket of the law, the courts
may decide a penalty below the lowest level of the bracket or move to
another penalty of lighter category. The reasons for such reduction
must be clearly inscribed in the judgement.

Article 48.-
Circumstances aggravating the penal liability

1. Only the following circumstances are considered circumstances
aggravating penal liability:

a) Committing crimes in an organized manner;

b) Committing crimes in a professional manner;

c) Abusing positions and powers in order to commit crimes;

d) Committing crimes in a hooligan manner;

e) Committing crimes with despicable motivation;

f) Intentionally carrying out crimes to the end;

g) Re-offending, recidivism, dangerous recidivism;

h) Committing crimes against children, pregnant women, aged persons,
persons unable to defend themselves or persons dependent on offenders
in material and/or moral conditions, work or other ways;

i) Infringing upon the State's property;

j) Committing crimes causing serious, very serious or particularly
serious consequences;

k) Taking advantage of war conditions, emergency situations, natural
calamities, epidemics or other special difficulties of society in
order to commit crimes;

l) Using treachery or, cruel tricks to commit crimes and/or using
means capable of causing harm to many persons;

m) Inciting juveniles to commit crimes;

n) Committing treacherous and/or violent acts in order to shirk or
conceal crimes.

2. Circumstances which are constituents of a crime or determine the
penalty bracket shall not be considered aggravating circumstances.

Article 49.-
Recidivism, dangerous recidivism

1. Recidivism means cases where offenders have been sentenced and have
not yet had their criminal records wiped out but again commit crimes
intentionally or commit very serious crime or particularly serious
crimes unintentionally.

2. The following cases are considered dangerous recidivism:

a) Offenders have been sentenced for very serious crimes or
particularly serious crimes committed intentionally, have not yet had
their criminal records wiped out but again commit very serious crimes
or particularly serious crimes unintentionally;

b) Offenders have relapsed into crime, not yet had their criminal
records wiped out but again commit crimes intentionally.

Article 50.-
Deciding penalties in cases where more than one crime is committed

When trying a person who has committed more than one crime, the court
shall decide a penalty for each crime, then augment the penalties
according to the following regulations:

1. With regard to principal penalties

a) If the penalties already declared are all non-custodial reform or
all termed imprisonment, such penalties shall be added together into a
common penalty; the common penalty must not exceed three years for
non-custodial reform, and thirty years for termed imprisonment;

b) If the penalties already declared are non-custodial reform and
termed imprisonment, the non-custodial reform shall be converted into
imprisonment penalties according to the ratio that three days of
non-custodial reform shall be converted into one day of imprisonment
in order to make the common penalty as prescribed at Point a, Clause 1
of this Article;

c) If the heaviest penalty among the already declared penaties is life
imprisonment, the common penalty shall be life imprisonment;

d) If the heaviest penalty among the already declared penalties is the
death sentence, the common penalty shall be the death sentence;

e) Pecuniary penalties shall not be augmented with other types of
penalty; the fine amounts shall be added up into the common fine;

f) Expulsion shall not be augmented with other types of penalty.

2. For additional penalties

a) If the already declared penalties are of the same type, the common
penalty shall be decided within the time limit prescribed by this Code
for such type of penalty; particularly for pecuniary penalties, the
fine amounts shall be added up into the common fine;

b) If the already declared penalties are of different types, the
sentenced persons shall have to serve all the declared penalties.

Article 51.-
To augment penalties of many judgements

1. In cases where a person who is serving a sentence is tried for a
crime which had been committed before such sentence, the court shall
decide the penalty for the crime being tried, then decide the common
penalty as provided for in Article 50 of this Code.

The time served for the previous sentence shall be deducted from the
term of the common penalty.

2. When a person who is serving a sentence and commits a new crime is
tried , the court shall decide the penalty for the new crime, then add
it to the remainder of the previous sentence before deciding the
common penalty as provided for in Article 50 of this Code.

3. In cases where a person has to serve many sentences which have
already taken legal effect while the penalties have not yet been
augmented, the chief judge of the Court shall decide the augmentation
of the sentences as provided for in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this
Article.

Article 52.-
Deciding penalties in case of preparation for crime commission,
incompleted commission of crime

1. For acts of preparing to commit crimes and acts of committing
incomplete crimes, the penalties shall be decided according to the
provisions of this Code on corresponding crimes, depending on the
nature and the extent of danger to the society of such acts, the
extent of realizing the intention to commit crimes and other
circumstances that make the crimes not carried out to the end.

2. For cases of preparing to commit crimes, if the applicable law
provision stipulates the highest penalty is life imprisonment or the
death sentence, the applicable highest penalty shall not exceed twenty
years of imprisonment; if it is termed imprisonment, the penalty shall
not exceed half of the imprisonment term prescribed by the law
provision.

3. For cases of incomplete offense, if the applicable law provision
stipulates the highest penalty being the life imprisonment or death
sentence, these penalties can only apply to particularly serious
cases; if it is termed imprisonment, the penalty level shall not
exceed three quarters of the imprisonment term prescribed by the law
provision.

Article 53.-
Deciding penalties in cases of complicity

When deciding penalties for accomplices, the court shall take into
account the nature of complicity and the nature and extent of
involvement of each accomplice.

Extenuating, aggravating or penal liability exemption circumstances of
any accomplice shall only apply to such accomplice.

Article 54.-
Penalty exemption

Persons who commit crime may be exempt from penalties in case where
the crime commission involves many extenuating circumstances as
provided by Clause 1, Article 46 of this Code, deserving special
leniency, but not to the extent of penal liability exemption.

Chapter VIII

STATUTE OF LIMITATION FOR EXECUTION OF JUDGEMENT, EXEMPTION FROM THE
PENALTY EXECUTION, REDUCTION OF PENALTY TERM

Article 55.-
Statute of limitation for judgement execution

1. The statute of limitation for execution of a criminal judgement is
the time limit prescribed by this Code upon the expiry of which the
sentenced person shall not have to abide by the declared judgement.

2. The statute of limitation for execution of a criminal judgement is
stipulated as follows:

a) Five years for cases of pecuniary penalty, non-custodial reform or
imprisonment of three years or less;

b) Ten years for cases of imprisonment of between over three years and
fifteen years;

c) Fifteen years for cases of imprisonment of between over fifteen
years and thirty years.

3. The statute of limitation for execution of a criminal judgement
shall be calculated from the date the judgement takes legal effect. If
during the time limits prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article, the
sentenced person again commits a new crime, the past duration shall
not be counted and the statute of limitations shall be recalculated as
from the date the new crime was committed.

If during the time limits provided for in Clause 2, this Article, the
sentenced person deliberately escapes and is the subject of a search
warrant, the duration of escape shall not be counted and the statute
of limitation shall be recalculated as from the date such person
surrenders him/herself or is arrested.

4. The application of statute of limitation to cases of life
imprisonment or death sentence, after going through the period of
fifteen years, shall be decided by chairman of the Supreme People's
Court at the request of the chairman of the Supreme People's
Procuracy. In cases where the application of the statute of limitation
is not allowed, the death penalty shall be converted into the life
imprisonment and the life imprisonment into thirty years of
imprisonment.

Article 56.-
Non-application of statute of limitations for execution of judgement

The statue of limitation for judgement execution shall not apply to
crimes prescribed in Chapter XI and Chapter XXIV of this Code.

Article 57.-
Exemption from penalty execution

1. For persons sentenced to non-custodial reform, termed imprisonment,
who have not executed their judgements but have recorded great
achievements or suffered from dangerous disease and if such persons
are no longer dangerous to the society, the court may decide, at the
proposal of the Procuracy director, to exempt the person from the
execution of the entire penalty.

2. Sentenced persons shall be exempt from penalty execution when they
are granted a special parole or general amnesty.

3. For persons sentenced to imprisonment for less serious crimes who
have been entitled to a reprieve as provided for in Article 61 of this
Code, if during the period of reprieve they have recorded great
achievements, the court, at the proposal of the Procuracy director,
may decide to exempt them from penalty execution.

4. For persons sentenced for less serious crimes who have been
entitled to a temporary suspension as provided for in Article 62 of
this Code, if during the period of temporary suspension they have
recorded great achievements, the court, at the proposal of the
Procuracy director, may decide to exempt them from the execution of
the remainder of their penalties.

5. For persons who are penalized with a ban on residence or probation,
if they have served half of their penalties term and re-habilitated
themselves, the court, at the proposal of the administration of the
localities where such persons serve their penalties, may decide to
exempt them from the execution of the remaining half of their
penalties.

Article 58.-
Reduction of the declared penalties

1. For persons sentenced to non-custodial reform, if having served the
penalty for a given period and made progress, the court, at the
proposal of the agencies, organizations or local administration which
have been assigned the responsibility to directly supervise and
educate them, may decide to reduce the penalty term.

For persons sentenced to imprisonment, if having served the penalty
for a given period and made progress, the courts, at the proposal of
the imprisonment enforcement agencies, may decide to reduce the
penalty term.

The time for which the penalty has been served in order to be
considered for the first reduction shall represent one-third of the
term for the non-custodial reform, for imprisonment of thirty years or
under, and twelve years for life imprisonment.

2. For persons sentenced to pecuniary penalty who have served a part
of their respective penalties but fell into a prolonged particularly
difficult economic situation due to natural calamities, fires,
accidents or ailments which render them unable to continue serving the
remainder of the penalties, or who have recorded great achievements,
the courts, at the proposal of the directors of the procuracies, may
decide to exempt them from the execution of the remainder of their
pecuniary penalties.

3. A person may be entitled to many reductions but have to execute
half of the declared penalty. For persons sentenced to life
imprisonment, the sentence shall be commuted for the first time to
thirty years of imprisonment and despite many reductions, the actual
duration of penalty served must be a minimum of twenty years.

4. For persons who have enjoyed partial reduction of their penalty but
again committed new serious, very serious or particularly serious
crimes, the courts shall consider the reduction for the first time
after such persons have already served two-thirds of their common
penalty or twenty years if it is life imprisonment.

Article 59.-
Reduction of penalty term in special cases

For convicted persons who deserve additional leniency for reasons such
as recording achievements, being too old and weak or suffering from
dangerous diseases, the courts may consider the reduction at an
earlier time or with higher levels compared with the time and levels
prescribed in Article 58 of this Code.

Article 60.-
Suspended sentence

1. When handing down a sentence of of imprisonment, not exceeding
three years the court shall, basing itself on the personal
identification of the offender and extenuating circumstances, and if
deeming it unnecessary to impose an imprisonment penalty, hand down a
suspended sentence and set a period under test from one to five years.

2. During the test period, the court shall assign the offender to the
agency or organization where such person works or the administration
of the locality where he/she permanently resides for supervision and
education. The convicted person's family has the responsibility to
coordinate with the agency, organization or local administration in
supervising and educating such person.

3. The persons entitled to suspended sentence may be subject to
additional penalties including fines, ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs as prescribed in
Article 30 and Article 36 of this Code.

4. For persons entitled to suspended sentence who have served half of
the probation time and made progress, at the proposals of the agencies
and organizations which have the responsibility to supervise and
educate them, the court may decide to shorten the probation period.

5. For persons entitled to suspended sentence who commit new crimes
during their probation period, the courts shall decide the compulsory
execution of the penalty of the previous sentence and sum it up with
the penalty of the new sentence as provided for in Article 51 of this
Code.

Article 61.-
Postponing the serving of imprisonment penalty

1. Persons sentenced to imprisonment may be entitled to a reprieve in
the following cases where:

a) They suffer from serious illness, they shall be entitled to a
reprieve until their recovery;

b) Women who are pregnant or nursing their children of under 36 months
old, shall be entitled to a postponement of their penalty until their
children reach the age of 36 months;

c) They are the only laborers in their respective families and if they
serve the imprisonment penalty their families shall meet with special
difficulties, they shall be entitled to the postponement for up to one
year, except where they are sentenced for crimes of infringing upon
the national security or other very serious or particularly serious
crimes;

d) They are sentenced for less serious crimes and due to the
requirements of official duties, they shall be entitled to the
postponement for up to one year.

2. If during the period of reprieve the person entitled thereto
commits a new crime, the court shall force such person to serve the
previous penalty and add it to the penalty of the new judgment as
prescribed in Article 51 of this Code.

Article 62.-
Suspending the imprisonment penalty

1. Persons who are serving imprisonment penalties and fall into one of
the cases prescribed in Clause 1, Article 61 of this Code, may be
entitled to a temporary suspension of their imprisonment penalties.

2. The time of temporary suspension must not be calculated into the
penalty serving term.

Chapter IX

REMISSION OF CRIMINAL RECORDS

Article 63.-
Remission of criminal records

Convicted persons shall have their criminal records wiped out
according to the provisions in Articles 64 to 67 of this Code.

Persons entitled to criminal record remission shall be considered as
having not been convicted and granted certificates by the court.

Article 64.-
Automatic remission of criminal records:

The following persons shall automatically have their criminal records
wiped out:

1. Persons who are exempt from penalties.

2. Persons charged with crimes other than those defined in Chapter XI
and Chapter XXIV of this Code, if after completely serving their
sentences or after the expiry of the statute of limitation for
execution of the sentences, such persons do not commit new crimes
within the following time limits:

a) One year in the case of being penalized with warning, fine,
non-custodial reform or suspended sentence;

b) Three years in the case of imprisonment of up to three years;

c) Five years in the case of imprisonment of between over three years
and fifteen years;

d) Seven years in the case of imprisonment of over fifteen years.

Article 65.-
Criminal record remission by the court's decision

1. The courts decide the criminal record remission for persons charged
with crimes defined in Chapter XI and Chapter XXIV of this Code,
depending on the nature of the committed offenses, their personal
identification, their attitude towards law observance and labor
behavior of the convicted persons in the following cases:

a) They have been sentenced to imprisonment for up to three years
without committing new crimes within three years of completing their
sentences or after the expiry of the statute of limitation for the
execution of the sentences;

b) They have been sentenced to imprisonment for between over three
years and fifteen years without committing new crimes within seven
years of completing their sentences or after the expiry of the statute
of limitation for the execution of the sentences;

c) They have been sentenced to imprisonment for over fifteen years
without committing new crimes within ten years of completing their
sentences or the expiry of the statute of limitation for execution of
the sentences.

2. A person whose application for criminal record remission is
rejected by the court for the first time must wait one more year
before making another application therefor; if the application is
rejected for the second time, he/she must wait for two years before
applying for the criminal record remission.

Article 66.-
Criminal record remission in special cases

Where a convicted person shows signs of marked progress and has made
good achievements and is recommended for criminal record remission by
the agency or organization where he/she works or the administration of
the locality where he/she permanently resides, he/she may have his/her
criminal record wiped out by the court if such person has served at
least one-third of their prescribed term.

Article 67.-
Method of calculating time limit for criminal record remission

1. The time limit for criminal record remission stipulated in Article
64 and Article 65 of this Code shall be based on the principal penalty
already declared.

2. If a person whose criminal record has not yet been expunged commits
a new crime, the time limit for remitting the previous criminal record
shall be calculated from the date of completely serving the new
judgement.

3. The complete serving of a judgement shall cover the complete
serving of the principal penalty, the additional penalty and any other
decisions of the judgement.

4. A person who is exempt from serving the rest of his/her penalty
shall also be considered as having completely served the penalty.

Chapter X

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO JUVENILE OFFENDERS

Article 68.-
Application of the Penal Code to juvenile offenders

Juvenile offenders are offenders who are aged between full 14 years
and under 18 years. They shall bear penal liability under the
provisions of this Chapter as well as the provisions of the General
Part of this Code which are not contrary to the provisions of this
Chapter.

Article 69.-
Principles for handling juvenile offenders

1. The handling of juvenile offenders aims mainly to educate and help
them redress their wrongs, develop healthily and become citizens
useful to society.

In all cases of investigation, prosecution and adjudication of
criminal acts committed by juveniles, the competent State agencies
shall have to determine their capability of being aware of the danger
to society of their criminal acts and the causes and conditions
relating to such criminal acts.

2. Juvenile offenders may be exempt from penal liability if they
commit less serious crimes or serious crimes which cause no great harm
and involve many extenuating circumstances and they are received for
supervision and education by their families, agencies or
organizations.

3. The penal liability examination and imposition of penalties on
juvenile offenders shall only apply to cases of necessity and must be
based on the nature of their criminal acts, their personal
characteristics and crime prevention requirements.

4. The courts, if deeming it unnecessary to impose penalties on
juvenile offenders, shall apply one of the judicial measures
prescribed in Article 70 of this Code.

5. Life imprisonment or the death sentence shall not be imposed on
juvenile offenders. When handing down sentences of termed
imprisonment, the courts shall impose on them lighter sentences than
those imposed on adult offenders of the corresponding crimes.

Pecuniary punishment shall not apply to juvenile offenders who are
from full 14 to under 16 years old.

Additional penalties shall not apply to juvenile offenders.

6. The judgement imposed on juvenile offenders aged under 16 years
shall not be taken into account for determining recidivism or
dangerous recidivism.

Article 70.-
Judicial measures applicable to juvenile offenders

1. In the case of juvenile offenders, the courts may decide the
application of one of the following judicial measures of educative and
preventive character:

a) Education at communes, wards or district towns;

b) Sending them to reformatory schools.

2. The courts may apply the commune/ward/district town-based education
measure for between one and two years to juvenile offenders of less
serious crimes or serious crimes.

Persons placed under the commune/ward/district town-based education
must fulfill their obligations on study and labor, abide by laws under
the supervision of and education by the local commune/ward/district
town administration or social organizations assigned such
responsibility by the courts.

3. The court may apply the measure of sending juvenile offenders to
reformatory schools for between one and two years if it is deemed that
due to the seriousness of their offenses, their personal
identification and living environment, such persons should be sent to
reeducation organizations with strict disciplines.

4. If persons subject to education at communes, wards or district
towns or persons sent to reformatory schools have already served half
of the term decided by the courts and made good progress, the courts,
at the proposal of the agencies, organizations or schools assigned the
responsibility of supervising and educating them, may decide the
termination of the duration of education at communes, wards, district
towns or the duration at reformatory schools.

Article 71.-
Penalties applicable to juvenile offenders

The juvenile offenders shall be subject to one of the following
penalties for each offense:

1. Warning;

2. Fine;

3. Non-custodial reform;

4. Termed imprisonment.

Article 72.-
Fine

Fine shall be applied as a principal penalty to juvenile offenders
aged full 16 years and under 18 years, if such persons have income or
private property.

The fine levels applicable to juvenile offenders shall not exceed half
of the fine level prescribed by the relevant law provision.

Article 73.-
Non-custodial reform

When applying non-custodial reform to juvenile offenders, the income
of such persons shall not be deducted.

The non-custodial reform duration for juvenile offenders shall not
exceed the term prescribed by the relevant law provision.

Article 74.-
Termed imprisonment

The juvenile offenders shall be penalized with termed imprisonment
according to the following regulations:

1. For persons aged between full 16 and under 18 when they committed
crimes, if the applicable law provisions stipulate life imprisonment
or the death sentence, the highest applicable penalty shall not exceed
eighteen years of imprisonment; if it is termed imprisonment, the
highest applicable penalty shall not exceed three quarters of the
prison term prescribed by the law provision;

2. For persons aged full 14 to under 16 when committing crimes, if the
applicable law provisions stipulate the life imprisonment or death
sentence, the highest applicable penalty shall not exceed twelve
years; if it is the termed imprisonment, the highest applicable
penalty shall not exceed half of the prison term prescribed by the law
provision.

Article 75.-
Augmentation of penalties in cases of committing multiple crimes

For a person who commits more than one crime, of which some were
committed before he/she reaches the age of 18, penalty augmentation
shall apply as follows:

1. If the most serious crime is committed before he/she reaches the
age of 18 years, the common penalty shall not exceed the highest level
prescribed in Article 74 of this Code;

2. If the most serious crime is committed when such person has reached
the age of 18 years, the common penalty shall be the same as that
applicable to adult offenders.

Article 76.-
Reduction of penalties already declared

1. If juvenile offenders, who are subject to non-custodial reform or
imprisonment, have made good progress and already served one-quarter
of their term, they shall be considered by the court for penalty
reduction; particularly for imprisonment, their penalty can be reduced
each time by four years but only if they have already served
two-fifths of the declared penalty term.

2. If juvenile offenders, who are subject to non-custodial reform or
imprisonment, have recorded achievements or suffered from dangerous
illnesses, they shall be immediately considered for penalty reduction
and may be exempt from serving the remainder of their penalty.

3. For juvenile offenders who are subject to pecuniary penalty but
fall into prolonged economic difficulties due to natural calamities,
fires, accidents or ailments or who have recorded great achievements,
the courts, at the proposal of the directors of the procuracies, may
decide to reduce or exempt them from the remainder of the pecuniary
penalty.

Article 77.-
Remission of criminal records

1. The time limit for criminal record remission for juvenile offenders
shall be half of the time limits prescribed in Article 64 of this
Code.

2. Juvenile offenders subject to judicial measures stipulated in
Clause 1, Article 70 of this Code, shall be considered as having no
criminal records.

CRIMES

Chapter XI

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON NATIONAL SECURITY

Article 78.-
High treason

1. Any Vietnamese citizen acting in collusion with a foreign country
with a view to causing harm to the independence, sovereignty, unity
and territorial integrity of the Fatherland, the national defense
forces, the socialist regime or the State of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

2. In the event of many extenuating circumstances, the offenders shall
be subject to between seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

Article 79.- Carrying out activities aimed at overthrowing the
people's administration

Those who carry out activities, establish or join organizations with
intent to overthrow the people's administration shall be subject to
the following penalties:

1. Organizers, instigators and active participants or those who cause
serious consequences shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty
years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment;

2. Other accomplices shall be subject to between five and fifteen
years of imprisonment.

Article 80.-
Spying

1. Those who commit one of the following acts shall be sentenced to
between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or
capital punishment:

a) Conducting intelligence and/or sabotage activities or building up
bases for intelligence and/or sabotage activities against the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

b) Building up bases for intelligence and/or sabotage activities at
the direction of foreign countries; conducting scouting, informing,
concealing, guiding activities or other acts to help foreigners
conduct intelligence and/or sabotage activities;

c) Supplying or collecting for the purpose of supplying State secrets
to foreign countries; gathering or supplying information and other
materials for use by foreign countries against the Socialist Republic
of Vietnam.

2. In case of less serious crimes, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between five and fifteen years of imprisonment.

3. Persons who agree to act as spies but do not realize their assigned
tasks and confess, truthfully declare and report such to the competent
State bodies shall be exempt from penal liability.

Article 81.-
Infringing upon territorial security

Those who infiltrate into the territory, commit acts of falsifying
national borders or committing other acts in order to cause harm to
the territorial security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall be
penalized as follows:

1. Organizers, active participants or those who cause serious
consequences shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment;

2. Other accomplices shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen
years of imprisonment.

Article 82.-
Rebellion

Those who conduct armed activities or resort to organized violence
with a view to opposing the people's administration shall be penalized
as follows:

1. Organizers, active participants or those who cause serious
consequences shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

2. Other accomplices shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen
years of imprisonment.

Article 83.-
Conducting banditry activities

Those who intend to oppose the people's administration by conducting
armed activities in mountainous, marine and other difficult to access
areas, murdering people and looting or destroying property shall be
penalized as follows:

1. Organizers, active participants or those who cause serious
consequences shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment;

2. Other accomplices shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen
years of imprisonment.

Article 84.-
Terrorism

1. Those who intend to oppose the people's administration and infringe
upon the life of officials, public employees or citizens shall be
sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment.

2. In the case of committing crimes by infringing upon physical
freedom and/or health, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
five and fifteen years of imprisonment.

3. In the case of committing crimes by threatening to infringe upon
life or committing other acts of moral intimidation, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

4. Those who terrorise foreigners in order to cause difficulties to
the international relations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall
also be penalized according to this Article.

Article 85.-
Sabotaging the material-technical foundations of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam

1. Those who intend to oppose the people's administration by
sabotaging the material- technical foundations of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam in the political, security, defense,
scientific-technical, cultural or social fields shall be sentenced to
between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or
capital punishment.

2. In the case of committing less serious crimes, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between five and fifteen years of imprisonment.

Article 86.-
Undermining the implementation of socio-economic policies

1. Any persons who oppose the people's administration by undermining
the implementation of socio-economic policies shall be sentenced to
between seven and twenty years of imprisonment.

2. In the case of committing less serious crimes, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between three and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 87.-
Undermining the unity policy

1. Those who commits one of the following acts with a view to opposing
the people's administration shall be sentenced to between five and
fifteen years of imprisonment:

a) Sowing division among people of different strata, between people
and the armed forces or the people's administration or social
organizations;

b) Sowing hatred, ethnic bias and/or division, infringing upon the
rights to equality among the community of Vietnamese nationalities;

c) Sowing division between religious people and non-religious people,
division between religious believers and the people's administration
or social organizations;

d) Undermining the implementation of policies for international
solidarity.

2. In case of committing less serious crimes, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 88.-
Conducting propaganda against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

1. Those who commit one of the following acts against the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam shall be sentenced to between three and twelve
years of imprisonment:

a) Propagating against, distorting and/or defaming the people's
administration;

b) Propagating psychological warfare and spreading fabricated news in
order to foment confusion among people;

c) Making, storing and/or circulating documents and/or cultural
products with contents against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. In the case of committing less serious crimes, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of imprisonment.

Article 89.-
Disrupting security

1. Those who intend to oppose the people's administration by inciting,
involving and gathering many people to disrupt security, oppose
officials on public duties, obstruct activities of agencies and/or
organizations, which fall outside the cases stipulated in Article 82
of this Code, shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

2. Other accomplices shall be sentenced to between two and seven years
of imprisonment.

Article 90.-
Destroying detention camps

1. Those who intend to oppose the people's administration by
destroying detention camps, organizing escapes from detention camps,
rescuing detainees or escorted persons or escaping from detention
camps shall be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment.

2. In the case of committing less serious crimes, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between three and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 91.-
Fleeing abroad or defecting to stay overseas with a view to opposing
the people's administration

1. Those who flee abroad or defect overseas with a view to opposing
the people's administration shall be sentenced to between three and
twelve years of imprisonment.

2. Organizers, coercers and instigators shall be sentenced to between
five and fifteen years of imprisonment.

3. In the case of committing particularly serious crimes, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment.

Article 92.-
Additional penalties

Persons who commit crimes defined in this Chapter shall also be
deprived of a number of civic rights for between one year and five
years, subject to probation, residence ban for between one year and
five years, confiscation of part or whole of the property.

Chapter XII

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON HUMAN LIFE, HEALTH, DIGNITY AND HONOR

Article 93.-
Murder

1. Those who commit murder in one of the following cases shall be
sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Murder of more than one person;

b) Murder of women who are known by the offender to be pregnant;

c) Murder of children;

d) Murder of persons being on public duties or for reason of the
victims' public duties;

e) Murder of one's grand father, grand mother, father, mother,
fosterer, and/or teachers;

f) Murder of people just before or after which a serious crime or a
particularly serious crime is committed by the offender;

g) Murder of people in order to carry out or conceal other crimes;

h) Murder of people in order to take organs from the victims' bodies;

i) Committing crimes in a barbarous manner;

j) Committing crimes by abusing their profession;

k) Committing crimes by methods, which may cause death to more than
one person;

l) Hiring murderers or murdering persons for hiring;

m) Committing crimes in a hooligan manner;

n) Committing crimes in an organized manner;

o) Committing dangerous recidivism;

p) Murder of people for despicable motivation.

2. Those committing crimes which do not fall into those cases
stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article, shall be sentenced to between
seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

3. Offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for between one and five
years, subject to probation or residence ban for between one and five
years.

Article 94.-
Murdering one's new-borns

Any mother who, due to strong influence of backward ideology or
special objective circumstances, kills her new-born or abandons such
baby to death, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
two years or to between three months and two years of imprisonment.

Article 95.-
Murdering people under provocation

1. Any person committing murder as a result of provocation caused by
serious illegal acts of the victim towards such person or his/her next
of kin shall be sentenced to between six months and three years of
imprisonment.

2. Those who murder more than one person as a result of provocation
shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 96.-
Murder beyond the limit of legitimate defense

1. Those who commit murder in circumstances exceeding the limit of
legitimate defense shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up
to two years or between three months and two years of imprisonment.

2. Those who commit murder of more than one person in excess of the
limit of legitimate defense shall be sentenced to between two and five
years of imprisonment.

Article 97.-
Causing death to people in the performance of official duties

1. Those who, while performing their official duties, cause human
death due to the use of violence beyond that permitted by law shall be
sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Those who commit crimes of causing death to more than one person or
in other particularly serious cases shall be sentenced to between
seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

3. Offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 98.-
Accidentally causing human death

1. Any person who unintentionally causes the death of another person
shall be sentenced to between six months' and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Any person who unintentionally causes the death of more than one
person shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

Article 99.-
Accidentally causing human death due to breach of professional or
administrative regulations

1. Any person who unintentionally causes the death of another person
due to a breach of professional or administrative regulations shall be
sentenced to between one and six years of imprisonment.

2. Any person who commits the crime of unintentionally causing death
of more than one person shall be sentenced to between five and twelve
years of imprisonment.

3. Offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 100.-
Forced suicide

1. Any person who cruelly treats, constantly intimidates, ill-treats
or humiliates a person dependent on him/her, inducing the latter to
commit suicide, shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. Any person who commits the crime of compelling more than one person
to commit suicide shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years
of imprisonment.

Article 101.-
Inciting or assisting other persons to commit suicide

1. Any person who incites another person to commit suicide or assists
another person to commit suicide shall be sentenced to imprisonment
for between six months and three years.

2. Any person who commits the crime of assisting or inciting more than
one person to commit suicide shall be sentenced to between two and
seven years of imprisonment.

Article 102.-
Refusal to rescue people from life-threatening situation

1. Those who knows other persons are in life-threatening danger but
refuse to rescue them despite having the ability to do so, thus
contributing to the latter's death shall be subject to warning or
non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term between
three months and two years.

2. Any person who commits such crime in one of the following
circumstances shall be sentenced to between one year and five years of
imprisonment:

a) The person who refuses to rescue the other person is the one who
unintentionally causes the dangerous situation;

b) The person who refuses to rescue the other person is obliged to
rescue people as required by law or his/her occupation.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 103.-
Threatening to murder

1. Those who threaten to kill other persons, in circumstances such as
to make the latter believe that such threat shall be realized, shall
be subject to non-custodial reform for up to two years or sentenced to
between three months' and three years of imprisonment.

2. Any person who commits such crime in one of the following
circumstances shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Against more than one person;

b) Against persons who are performing their official duties or for
reasons related to the victims' official duties;

c) Against children;

d) To conceal or shirk the handling of another crime.

Article 104.-
Intentionally inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of
other persons

1. Those who intentionally injure or causes harm to the health of
other persons with an infirmity rate of between 11% and 30%, or under
11% but in one of the following circumstances, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or between six months and
three years of imprisonment:

a) Using dangerous weapons or tricks, causing harm to more than one
person;

b) Causing minor permanent maim to the victims;

c) Committing the crime more than once against the same person or
against more than one person;

d) Committing the crime against children, pregnant women, old and weak
or sick persons or other persons incapable of self-defense;

e) Committing the crime against their own grand fathers, grand
mothers, fathers, mothers, fosterers, teachers;

f) Committing the crime in an organized manner;

g) Committing the crime during time of custody, detention or whilst
resident at re-education establishments;

h) Hiring other persons to cause injury or being hired to cause
injury;

i) Being of hooligan character or dangerous recidivism;

j) In order to obstruct the person performing official duty or for the
reasons of the victim's official duty.

2. Committing the crime of inflicting injury on or causing harm to the
health of, other persons with an infirmity rate of between 31% and
60%, or 11% and 30% but in one of the cases defined at Points from a
to j, Clause 1 of this Article, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime of injuring or causing harm to the health of
other persons with an infirmity rate of 61% or higher or leading to
human death, or from 31% to 60% but in one of the cases defined at
Points from a to j, Clause 1 or this Article, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between five and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime, thus leading to the death of more than one
person or in other particularly serious cases, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between ten and twenty years of imprisonment or life
imprisonment.

Article 105.-
Intentionally inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of
other persons due to strong provocation

1. Those who intentionally injure or cause harm to the health of other
persons with an infirmity rate of from 31% to 60% whilst provoked as a
result of serious illegal acts of the victims towards such persons or
their next of kin, shall be sentenced to warning, non-custodial reform
for up to one year or between six months and two years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) Against more than one person;

b) Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other persons
with an infirmity rate of 61% or higher, or leading to human death or
in other particularly serious cases.

Article 106.-
Intentionally inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of,
other persons due to an excess of legitimate defense limit

1. Those who intentionally inflict injury on or cause harms to the
health of other persons with an infirmity rate of 31% or higher or
leading to human death due to the excess of legitimate defense limit
shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years
or to prison term of between three months and one year.

2. Committing the crime against more than one person, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between one and three years of imprisonment.

Article 107.-
Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other persons
while performing official duty

1. Those who, while performing their official duties, resort to
violence outside the scope permitted by law, thus inflicting injury on
or causing harm to the health of, other persons with an infirmity rate
of 31% or higher shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between three months' and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime against more than one person, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between two years' and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 108.-
Unintentionally inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of
other persons

1. Those who unintentionally inflict injury on or cause harm to the
health of other persons with an infirmity rate of 31% or higher shall
be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years or
imprisonment of between three months and two years.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 109.-
Unintentionally inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of
other persons due to breach of professional or administrative
regulations

1. Those who unintentionally inflict injury on or cause harm to the
health of other persons with an infirmity rate of 31% or higher due to
a breach of professional or administrative regulations shall be
sentenced to between six months' and three years of imprisonment.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 110.-
Ill-treating other persons

1. Those who cruelly treat persons dependent on them shall be subject
to warning, non-custodial reform for up to one year or imprisonment of
between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one year and three years of
imprisonment:

a) Against aged persons, children, pregnant women or disabled persons;

b) Against more than one person.

Article 111.-
Rape

1. Those who use violence, threaten to use violence or take advantage
of the victims' state of being unable for self-defense or resort to
other tricks in order to have sexual intercourse with the victims
against the latter's will shall be sentenced to between two and seven
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Against a person whom the offender has the responsibility to look
after, educate and/or medically treat;

c) More than one person rapes a person;

d) Committing the crime more than once;

e) Against more than one person;

f) Being of an incestuous nature;

g) Making the victim pregnant;

h) Causing harm to the health of the victim with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%;

i) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be subject to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Causing harm to the health of the victim with an infirmity rate of
61% or higher;

b) Committing the crime even though the offenders know that they are
infected with HIV;

c) Causing death to the victim or causing the victim to commit
suicide.

4. Committing rape against a juvenile aged between full 16 and under
18 years old, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten
years of imprisonment.

Committing the crime in one of the circumstances stipulated in Clause
2 or Clause 3 of this Article, the offenders shall be subject to the
penalties specified in such clauses.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 112.-
Rape against children

1. Those who rape children aged between full 13 years and under 16
years shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Being of incestuous nature;

b) Making the victim pregnant;

c) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%;

d) Against a person whom the offender has the responsibility to look
after, educate or medically treat;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) More than one person rapes a person;

c) Committing the crime more than once;

d) Committing the crime against more than one person;

e) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of 61%
or higher;

f) Committing the crime though the offenders know that they are
infected with HIV;

g) Causing death to the victim or causing the victim to commit
suicide.

4. All cases of having sexual intercourse with children under 13 years
old are considered rape against children and the offenders shall be
sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for from one to
five years.

Article 113.-
Forcible sexual intercourse

1. Those who employ trickery to induce persons dependent on them or
persons being in dire straits to have sexual intercourse with them
against their will shall be sentenced to between six months and five
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Many persons compel one person to have sexual intercourse with
them;

b) Committing forcible sexual intercourses more than once;

c) Committing forcible sexual intercourses against more than one
person;

d) Being of incestuous nature;

e) Making the victim pregnant;

f) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%;

g) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and eighteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of 61%
or higher;

b) Committing the crime even though the offenders know that they are
infected with HIV;

c) Causing death to the victim or causing the victim to commit
suicide.

4. Committing forcible sexual intercourses against juveniles aged over
16 years and under 18 years old, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

Committing the crime in one of the circumstances stipulated in Clause
2 or Clause 3 of this Article, the offenders shall be subject to the
penalties specified in such clauses.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 114.-
Forcible sexual intercourse with children

1. Those who have forcible sexual intercourse with children aged from
full 13 years to under 16 years shall be sentenced to between five and
ten years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Incest;

b) Making the victim pregnant;

c) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%;

d) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) More than one person commits forcible sexual intercourse against
one person;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Committing the crime against more than one person;

d) Causing harm to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of 61%
or higher;

e) Committing the crime even though the offenders know that they are
infected with HIV;

f) Causing death to the victim or causing the victim to commit
suicide.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 115.-
Having sexual intercourse with children

1. Any adults having sexual intercourse with children aged from full
13 to under 16 shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Against more than one person;

c) Being of an incestuous nature;

d) Making the victim pregnant;

e) Causing harms to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of from
31% to 60%.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Causing harm to the victim's health with an infirmity rate of 61%
or higher;

b) Committing the crime even though the offenders know that they are
infected with HIV.

Article 116.-
Obscenity against children

1. Those adults who commit obscene acts against children shall be
sentenced to between six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Against more than one child;

c) Against a child whom the offender has the responsibility to take
care of, educate or medically treat;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Serious recidivism.

3. Committing the crime with serious consequences or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
seven and twelve years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 117.-
Spreading HIV to other persons

1. Those who know that they are infected with HIV and intentionally
spread the disease to other persons shall be sentenced to between one
and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Against more than one person;

b) Against juveniles;

c) Against the doctors or medical workers who directly give medical
treatment to them;

d) Against persons performing their official duties or for reasons of
the victims' official duties.

Article 118.-
Intentionally spreading HIV to other persons

1. Those who intentionally spread HIV to other persons in cases other
than those defined in Article 117 of this Code shall be sentenced to
between three and ten years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Against more than one person;

c) Against juveniles;

d) Against persons performing their official duties or for reasons of
the victims' official duties;

e) Abusing their professions.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 119.-
Trafficking in women

1. Those who traffic in women shall be sentenced to between two and
seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Trading in women for the purpose of prostitution;

b) In an organized manner;

c) Being of professional characters;

d) For the purpose of sending them overseas;

e) Trafficking in more than one person;

f) Trafficking more than once.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
and fifty million dong, to probation or residence ban for one to five
years.

Article 120.-
Trading in, fraudulently exchanging or appropriating children

1. Those who trade in, fraudulently exchange or appropriate children
in any form shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing such crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional character;

c) For despicable motivation;

d) Trading in, fraudulently exchanging or appropriating more than one
child;

e) For the purpose of sending them abroad;

f) For use for inhumane purposes;

g) For use for prostitution purposes;

h) Dangerous recidivism;

i) Causing serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years or
subject to probation for one to five years.

Article 121.-
Humiliating other persons

1. Those who seriously infringe upon the dignity or honor of other
persons shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to
two years or a prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and three years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Against more than one person

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Against persons who are performing their official duties;

e) Against persons who educate, nurture, look after or medically treat
them.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 122.-
Slander

1. Those who trump up or spread stories knowing them to be fabricated
in order to infringe upon the honor or damage the legitimate rights
and interests of other persons or make up a story that other persons
commit crimes and denounce them before the competent agencies shall be
subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a
prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to from one to seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing their positions and powers;

c) Against more than one person;

d) Against their own grand fathers, grand mothers, fathers, mothers or
persons who teach, nurture, look after, educate and/or medically treat
them;

e) Against persons who are performing their official duties;

f) Slandering other persons about committing very serious or
particularly serious crimes.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one million
and ten million dong, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Chapter XIII

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON CITIZENS' DEMOCRATIC FREEDOMS

Article 123.-
Illegal arrest, custody or detention of people

1. Those who illegally arrest, hold in custody or detain other persons
shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years
or a prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing their positions and/or powers;

c) Against persons who are performing their official duties;

d) Committing the crime more than once;

e) Against more than one person.

3. Committing the crimes and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 124.-
Infringement upon citizens' places of residence

1. Those who conduct illegal searches of other persons' places of
residence, illegally expel other persons from their residence places
or commit other illegal acts infringing upon citizens' inviolable
rights relating to places of residence shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and three years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing their positions and/or powers;

c) Causing serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 125.-
Infringement upon other persons' privacy or safety of letters,
telephone and/or telegraph

1. Those who appropriate letters, telegrams, telex, facsimile or other
documents transmitted by telecommunication means and computers or
commit illegal acts of infringing upon the secrecy or safety of
letters, telephone conversations or telegraphs of other persons and
who have been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for such acts
but continue to commit violations, shall be subject to warning, a fine
of between one million and five million dong or non-custodial reform
for up to one year.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be subject to non-custodial reform for one to two
years or a prison term of between three months and two years:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing their positions and/or powers;

c) Committing the crime more than once;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between two million
and twenty million dong, to a ban from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 126.-
Infringement upon citizens' rights to vote, to stand for election

1. Those who resort to deception, buying off, coercion or other tricks
to obstruct the exercise of citizens' rights to vote and/or the right
to stand for election shall be subject to warning, non-custodial
reform for up to one year or a prison term of between three months and
one year.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and two years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing their positions and/or powers;

c) Causing serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 127.-
Falsifying election returns

1. Those who are responsible for organizing and supervising elections
but forge papers, commit vote fraud or employ other tricks to falsify
the election returns shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up
to two years or a prison term of between six months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and three years of
imprisonment:

a) In organized manner;

b) Causing serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 128.-
Illegally forcing laborers, public employees to leave their jobs

Those who, for their own benefits or other personal motivation,
illegally force laborers, public employees to leave their jobs,
causing serious consequences shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

Article 129.-
Infringement upon citizens' rights to assembly, association, rights to
freedom of belief, religion

1. Those who commit acts of obstructing citizens from exercising their
rights to assembly and/or to association, which conform to the
interests of the State and the people, rights to freedom of beliefs
and religions, to follow or not to follow any religion, and who have
been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for such acts but
continue to commit violations shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 130.-
Infringement upon women's rights to equality

Those who use violence or commit serious acts to prevent women from
participating in political, economic, scientific, cultural and social
activities shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to
one year or a prison term of between three months and one year.

Article 131.-
Infringement upon copyright

1. Those who commit one of the following acts thus causing serious
consequences or who have been administratively sanctioned for one of
the acts stipulated in this Article or have been sentenced for such
crime, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but repeat their
violations, shall be subject to a fine of between two million and
twenty million dong or non-custodial reform for up to two years:

a) Appropriating the copyright of literary, art, scientific,
journalistic works, audio tapes or disc, video tapes or disc;

b) Wrongfully assuming authors' names on literary, art, scientific or
journalistic works, audio tapes or disc, video tapes or disc;

c) Illegally amending the contents of literary, art, scientific,
journalistic works, programs on audio tapes or disc, video tapes or
disc;

d) Illegally announcing or disseminating literary, art, scientific or
journalistic works, programs on audio tapes or disc, video tapes or
disc.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six months and three years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
and one hundred million dong, to a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 132.-
Infringement upon the rights to complain and/or denounce

1. Those who commit one of the following acts shall be subject to
warning, non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of
between three months and three years:

a) Abusing positions and/or powers to obstruct the lodging of
complaints and/or denunciations, the settlement of complaints and/or
denunciations or the handling of those who are the subject of
complaints or denunciations;

b) Having the responsibility but refusing to abide by the decision of
the agencies competent to consider and settle complaints and
denunciations, thus causing damage to the complainants and the
denunciators.

2. Those who take revenge on the complainants and/or denunciators
shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a
prison term of between six months and five years.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Chapter XIV

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON OWNERSHIP RIGHTS

Article 133.-
Plundering property

1. Those who use force or threaten to use immediate force or commit
other acts thus making resistance futile for persons being attacked in
order to appropriate property shall be sentenced to between three and
ten years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional character;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Using weapons or other dangerous means or tricks;

e) Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other persons
with an infirmity rate of between 11% and 30%;

f) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million dong and two
hundred million dong;

g) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of other
persons with an infirmity rate of between 31% and 60%;

b) Appropriating property with valued at between two hundred million
dong and under five hundred million dong;

c) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between eighteen and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other persons
with an infirmity rate of 61% or higher or causing human death;

b) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or more;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property, subject to probation or residence ban for one to five
years.

Article 134.-
Kidnapping in order to appropriate property

1. Those who kidnap other persons as hostages in order to appropriate
property shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) In a professional manner;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Using weapons or other dangerous means or tricks;

e) Against children;

f) Against more than one person;

g) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of the hostages
with an infirmity rate of between 11% and 30%;

h) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million and under
two hundred million dong;

i) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and eighteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of the hostages
with an infirmity rate of between 31% and 60%;

b) Appropriating property valued at between two hundred million and
under five hundred million dong;

c) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of the hostages
with an infirmity rate of 61% or higher or causing human death;

b) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property, subject to probation or residence ban for one to five
years.

Article 135.-
Extortion of property

1. Those who threaten to use force or other tricks to spiritually
intimidate other persons in order to appropriate property shall be
sentenced to between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) In a professional way;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong;

e) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued at between two hundred million and
under five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or more;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of
property.

Article 136.-
Property robbery by snatching

1. Those who rob other persons of their property by snatching shall be
sentenced to between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) In a professional way;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Employing dangerous tricks;

e) Committing assaults in order to flee;

f) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of other
persons with an infirmity rate of between 11% and 30%;

g) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong;

h) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harms to the health of other
persons with an infirmity rate of between 31% and 60%;

b) Appropriating property valued at between two hundred million and
under five hundred million dong;

c) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other persons
with an infirmity rate of 61% or higher or causing human death;

b) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
and one hundred million dong.

Article 137.-
Openly appropriating property

1. Those who openly appropriate other persons' property valued between
five hundred thousand dong and fifty million dong, or under five
hundred thousand dong but causing serious consequences, or who have
been administratively sanctioned for acts of appropriation or
sentenced for act of appropriating property but not yet entitled to
criminal record remission and repeat their violations shall be
sentenced to between six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing assaults in order to flee;

b) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between two hundred million and under
five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and one hundred million dong.

Article 138.-
Stealing property

1. Those who steal other persons' property valued between five hundred
thousand dong and fifty million dong, or under five hundred thousand
dong but causing serious consequences, or who have been
administratively sanctioned for acts of appropriation or sentenced for
the appropriation of property, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but repeat their violations, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) In or professional way;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Employing treacherous and dangerous tricks;

e) Committing assaults in order to flee;

f) Appropriating property valued at between fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong;

g) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between two hundred million and under
five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong.

Article 139.-
Appropriating property through swindling

1. Those who appropriate through fraudulent tricks other persons'
property valued between five hundred thousand dong and fifty million
dong, or under five hundred thousand dong but causing serious
consequences, or who have been administratively sanctioned for acts of
appropriation or sentenced for the property appropriation, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but repeat their violations,
shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a
prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional nature;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Abusing positions and/or powers or abusing the names of agencies or
organizations;

e) Employing perfidious tricks;

f) Appropriating property valued between fifty million dong and under
two hundred million dong;

g) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between two hundred million dong and
under five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 140.-
Abusing trust in order to appropriate property

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of appropriating other
persons' property valued between one million dong and fifty million
dong, or under one million dong but causing serious consequences, or
who have been administratively sanctioned for act of appropriation or
sentenced for the property appropriation, not yet entitled to criminal
record remission but repeat their violations, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and three years:

a) Loaning, borrowing and/or renting property of other persons or
receiving property of other persons through contractual forms then
using fraudulent tricks or fleeing in order to appropriate such
property;

b) Loaning, borrowing and/or renting property of other persons or
receiving property of other person through contractual forms then
using such property for illegal purposes, thus being incapable of
returning such property.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers or abusing the names of agencies or
organizations;

c) Employing perfidious tricks;

d) Appropriating property valued between over fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong;

e) Dangerous recidivism;

f) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between two hundred million dong and
under five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, to a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years and the confiscation of part or whole of property or either
of these two penalties.

Article 141.-
Illegally holding property

1. Those who deliberately refuse to return to the lawful owners or
managers or to surrender to responsible authorities property valued
between five million dong and two hundred million dong, antiques or
objects of historical and/or cultural value mistakenly assigned to
them or discovered or found by them, after the lawful owners or
managers or the responsible authorities request to receive back such
property according to the provisions of law, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and two years.

2. Those who illegally hold property valued at two hundred million
dong or higher, or antiques or objects of historical and/or cultural
value shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

Article 142.-
Illegally using property

1. Those who, for their own benefits, illegally use other persons'
property valued at fifty million dong or higher, causing serious
consequences or who have already been administratively sanctioned for
such acts or sentenced for such offense and not yet entitled to
criminal record remission but repeat their violations, shall be
subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term of between
three months and two years.

2. Committing such crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and five years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Causing very serious consequences;

d) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and twenty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 143.-
Destroying or deliberately damaging property

1. Those who destroy or deliberately damage other persons' property,
causing damage of between five hundred thousand dong and under fifty
million dong, or under five hundred thousand dong but causing serious
consequences, or who have already been administratively sanctioned for
such act or sentenced for such offense and not yet entitled to
criminal record remission but repeat their violations shall be subject
to non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Employing explosives, inflammables or other dangerous means;

c) Causing serious consequences;

d) To conceal other crimes;

e) For the reasons of the victims' official duties;

f) Dangerous recidivism;

g) Causing damage to property valued between fifty million dong and
under two hundred million dong.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Causing damage to property valued between two hundred million dong
and under five hundred million dong;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Causing damage to property valued at five hundred million dong or
higher;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, to a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 144.-
Neglecting responsibility causing serious damage to the State's
property

1. Those who are tasked with directly managing the State's property
but neglect that responsibility causing loss, ruin, waste or damage to
the State's property valued between fifty million dong and two hundred
million dong, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or to a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime of damaging the State's property valued
between two hundred million dong and under five hundred million dong,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime of damaging the State's property valued at
five hundred million dong or higher, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding the post of managing
of the State's property for one to five years.

Article 145.-
Unintentionally causing serious damage to property

1. Those who unintentionally cause damage to other persons' property
valued between fifty million dong and under five hundred million dong
shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years
or a prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime of damaging other persons' property valued at
five hundred million dong or higher, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between one and three years of imprisonment.

Chapter XV

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON THE MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REGIMES

Article 146.-
Forcible marriage or prevention of voluntary and progressive marriage

Those who force other persons into marriage against their will or
prevent other persons from entering into marriage or maintaining
voluntary and progressive marriage bonds through persecution,
ill-treatment, mental intimidation, property claim or other means, and
who have already been administratively sanctioned for such acts but
repeat their violations, shall be subject to warning, non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between three months
and three years.

Article 147.-
Bigamy

1. Any married person who marries or lives with another person like
husband or wife or any unmarried person who marries or lives with
another person who he/she knows to be a married person, thus causing
serious consequences, or who has been administratively sanctioned for
such acts but repeat the violation, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

2. Those who committ the crime in cases where the court has already
decided to dissolve the marriage or force the termination of
co-habitation like husband and wife contrary to the monogamy but
continuing to maintain such relationship shall be sentenced to between
six months and three years of imprisonment.

Article 148.-
Organizing underage marriage, entering into underage marriage

Those who commit one of the following acts, have already been
administratively sanctioned but repeat their violation, shall be
subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a
prison term of between three months and two years:

a) Organizing marriage for under age persons;

b) Deliberately maintaining the illegal conjugal relationship with
underage persons though the court has already decided the termination
of such relationship.

Article 149.-
Registering illegal marriage

1. Those who are responsible for the registration of marriage and know
clearly that the applicants are not qualified for the marriage and
still make the registration for such persons, have been disciplined
for such act but repeat their violation, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term of between
three months and two years.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 150.-
Incest

Those who have sexual intercourse with other persons of direct blood
lines, with sisters or brothers born of common parents, with
half-brothers or half-sisters, shall be sentenced to between six
months and five years of imprisonment.

Article 151.-
Ill-treating or persecuting grand-parents, parents, spouses, children,
grandchildren and/or fosterers

Those who ill-treat or persecute their grand-parents, parents,
spouses, children, grand-children or fosterers, thus causing serious
consequences or who have already been administratively sanctioned for
such acts but repeat their violations, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and three years.

Article 152.-
Refusing or evading the obligation to provide financial support

Those who have the obligation to provide financial support and have
the actual capability to provide the financial support for the persons
they are obliged to do so according to the provisions of law but
deliberately refuse or evade the obligation to provide financial
support, thus causing serious consequences or who have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts but repeat their violations,
shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to two years
or a prison term of between three months and two years.

Chapter XVI

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON THE ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ORDER

Article 153.-
Smuggling

1. Those who conduct illegal cross-border trading in one of the
following objects shall be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong or a prison term of between six
months and three years:

a) Commodities, Vietnamese currency, foreign currency(ies), precious
metals, and/or gemstones valued between one hundred million dong and
under three hundred million dong and the offenders have been
administratively sanctioned for acts defined in this Article or in any
of Articles 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 and 161 of this Code or
have been sentenced for one of these offenses, not yet entitled to
criminal record remission but repeat the violations, if not falling
under the cases stipulated in Articles 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232,
233, 236 and 238 of this Code;

b) Objects being historical and/or cultural relics;

c) Banned goods in great volumes or the offenders have already been
administratively sanctioned for acts defined in this Article or any of
Articles 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 and 161 of this Code or
have already been sentenced for one of these offenses, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but repeat their violations, if
not falling under the cases defined in Articles 193, 194, 195, 196,
230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional nature;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) The goods involved are valued at between three hundred million
dongs and under five hundred million dong;

e) Banned goods in great quantity;

f) Gaining big illicit profits;

g) Taking advantage of war conditions, natural calamities, epidemics
or other particularly difficult situations;

h) Abusing positions and/or powers;

i) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

j) Committing the crime more than once;

k) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Objects involved are valued at between five hundred million dong
and under one billion dong;

b) The banned goods are in particularly great quantity;

c) Gaining very great illicit profits;

d) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Objects involved are valued at one billion dong or more;

b) Gaining particularly great illicit profits;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, the confiscation of part or
whole of property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 154.-
Illegal cross-border transportation of goods and/or currencies

1. Those who illegally transport across borders any of the following
objects shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and
twenty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a
prison term of between three months and two years:

a) Goods, Vietnamese currency, foreign currency(ies), precious metals,
gemstone valued between one hundred million dong and under three
hundred million dong, or under one hundred million dong but the
offenders have already been administratively sanctioned for acts
defined in this Article or any of Articles 153, 155, 156, 157, 158,
159, 160 and 161 of this Code, or have been sentenced for one of these
offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but repeat
their violations, if not falling under the cases defined in Articles
193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code;

b) Objects being historical and/or cultural relics and the offenders
have already been administratively sanctioned but repeat their
violations;

c) The banned goods are in great quantity or the offenders have
already been administratively sanctioned for acts defined in this
Article or any of Articles 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 and 161
of this Code or have already been sentenced for one of these offenses,
not yet entitled to criminal record remission but repeat their
violations, if not falling under the cases defined in Articles 193,
194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code;

2. Committing the crime in one of the following cases, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between two and five years of imprisonment:

a) Object involved in the offense is valued between three hundred
million dong and under five hundred million dong;

b) The banned goods are in very great quantity;

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

e) Committing the crime more than once;

f) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime with goods valued at five hundred million dong
or more or banned goods in particularly great quantity, the offenders
shall be sentenced to from five to ten years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and ten million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 155.-
Manufacturing, stockpiling, transporting and/or trading in banned
goods

1. Those who manufacture, stockpile, transport and/or trade in goods
banned from business by the State in great quantity, gain great
illicit profits or who have been administratively sanctioned for acts
defined in this Article or Articles 153, 154, 156, 157,158, 159 and
161 of this Code or have already been sentenced for one of these
offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but repeat
their violations, if not falling under the cases stipulated in
Articles 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code,
shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty
million dong or a prison term of between six months and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

d) Being of professional character;

e) Goods involved in the offense are in very great quantity or gaining
very great illicit profits

f) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime with particularly great quantity of goods or
particularly great illicit profits, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between eight and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 156.-
Manufacturing and/or trading in fake goods

1. Those who manufacture and/or trade in fake goods equivalent to the
quantity of genuine goods valued between thirty million dong and under
one hundred fifty million dong, or under thirty million dong but
causing serious consequences or who have been already administratively
sanctioned for acts defined in this Article or any of Articles 153,
154, 155, 157, 158, 159 and 161 of this Code or have already been
sentenced for one of these offenses but not yet entitled to criminal
record remission and repeat the violation, shall be sentenced to from
six months to five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional character;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Abusing positions and/or powers;

e) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

f) The fake goods are equivalent to a quantity of genuine goods valued
between one hundred and fifty million dong and under five hundred
million dong;

g) Gaining great illicit profits;

h) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The fake goods are equivalent to a quantity of genuine goods valued
at five hundred million dong or more;

b) Gaining very great or particularly great illicit profits;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of
property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or from doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 157.-
Manufacturing and/or trading in fake goods being food, foodstuffs,
curative medicines, preventive medicines

1. Those who produce and/or trade in fake goods being food, foodstuff,
curative medicines and/or preventive medicines shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and twelve years:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional character;

c) Dangerous recidivism;

d) Abusing positions and/or powers;

e) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

f) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime, which results in very serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty
years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime, which results in particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of
property, the ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 158.-
Manufacturing and/or trading in fake goods being animal feeds,
fertilizers, veterinary drugs, plant protection drugs, plant
varieties, animal breeds.

1. Those who produce and/or trade in fake goods being animal feeds,
fertilizers, veterinary drugs, plant protection drugs, plant varieties
and/or animal breeds in great quantity or causing serious consequences
or who have been already administratively sanctioned for acts defined
in this Article or any of Articles 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159 and
161 of this Code or have been sentenced for one of these offenses, not
yet entitled to criminal record remission and repeat the violations,
shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and one hundred
million dong or a prison term of between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

d) Fake goods are in very great quantity;

e) Dangerous recidivism;

f) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crimes with a particularly great quantity of fake
goods or causing particularly serious consequences, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong between fifty million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of
property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 159.-
Conducting business illegally

1. Those who conduct business without business registration, in
contravention of the registered contents or without separate license
if so required by law, in one of the following cases, shall be subject
to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong or
non-custodial reform for up to two years:

a) The offenders have already been administratively sanctioned for
these acts or sentenced for these crimes or for any crime defined in
Articles 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 164, 193, 194, 195,
196, 230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code, have not yet been
entitled to criminal record remission but continue committing the
violations;

b) The goods involved in the offense are valued between one hundred
million dong and under three hundred million dong.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following cases, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three months and two years of
imprisonment:

a) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

b) Falsely presenting as an organization which does not actually
exist;

c) The goods involved in the offense are valued at three hundred
million dong or more;

d) Gaining big illicit profits.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Article 160.-
Speculation

1. Those who take advantage of scarcity or create the sham scarcity of
goods during natural calamities, epidemics and/or war time and buy up
goods in great quantity for re-sale in order to gain illicit profits,
thus causing serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong or a prison term of
between six months and five years.

2. Committing such crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

d) The speculated goods are in very great quantity;

e) Very big illicit profits are gained;

f) Very serious consequences are caused;

g) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between eight and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The speculated goods are in particularly great quantity;

b) Particularly big illegal profits are gained;

c) Particularly serious consequences are caused.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, the ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 161.-
Tax evasion

1. Those who evade tax in the amount of between fifty million dong and
one hundred and fifty million dong or who have already been
administratively sanctioned for tax evasion or already sentenced for
this crime or for any of the crimes defined in Articles 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236
and 238 of this Code, have not yet been entitled to criminal record
remission but repeat their violations, shall be subject to a fine of
between one time and five times the evaded tax amount or to
non-custodial reform for up to two years.

2. Evading tax in the amount of between one hundred million dong and
under five hundred million dong or repeating such crime, the offenders
shall be subject to a fine of between one time and five times the
evaded tax amount or to a prison term of between six months and three
years.

3. Evading tax in the amount of five hundred million dong or more or
in other particularly serious circumstances, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between two years and seven years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one time and
three times the evaded tax amount.

Article 162.-
Deceiving customers

1. Those who, in goods purchase or sale, trickily weigh, measure,
calculate or fraudulently exchange goods or employ other deceitful
ploys, causing serious loss to customers, or who have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts or been sentenced for such
offenses and not yet entitled to criminal record remission but repeat
their violations, shall be subject to warning, a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or a prison term of between three months and three years.

2. Committing the crimes more than once or gaining big illicit
profits, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven
years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Article 163.-
Usury

1. Those who provide loans at an interest rates ten or more times
higher than the maximum interest rate prescribed by law, which is of
exploitative nature, shall be subject to a fine of one to ten times
the interest amount or to non-custodial reform for up to one year.

2. If big illegal profits are gained, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between six months and three years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine one to five times the
illicit profits, to a ban from holding certain post, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 164.-
Counterfeiting stamps and/or tickets, trading in counterfeit stamps
and/or tickets

1. Those who make and/or trade in counterfeit stamps and/or tickets of
all kinds in great quantity or who have already been administratively
sanctioned for such acts or have already been sentenced for such
offenses, have not yet been entitled to criminal record remission but
repeat their violations, shall be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong or sentenced to between six months
and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Big illicit profits are gained

d) Dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 165.-
Deliberately acting against the State's regulations on economic
management, causing serious consequences

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers to deliberately act
against the State's regulations on economic management, causing a loss
of between one hundred million dong and three hundred million dong, or
under one hundred million dong but the offenders have already been
disciplined for such acts but repeat their violations thus causing
serious consequences, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up
to three years or a prison term of between one and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) For self-seeking or other personal purposes;

b) In an organized manner;

c) Employing perfidious tricks;

d) Causing a loss of from three hundred million dong to under one
billion dong or causing other very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime which entails a loss of one billion dong or
more or other particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between ten years and twenty years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to the confiscation of part or
whole of their property, the ban from holding certain posts or doing
certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 166.-
Establishing illegal funds

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers to set up an illegal
fund valued at between fifty million dong and under two hundred
million dong and have used such fund, causing serious consequences, or
who have already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for
such acts but continue to commit them, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
one and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Employing perfidious tricks to escape the control;

b) To commit other crimes;

c) The illegal fund is valued at between two hundred million dong and
under five hundred million dong;

d) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) The illegal fund is valued between five hundred million dong and
under one billion dong;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in case where the illegal fund has the value
of one billion dong or more, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between eight and fifteen years of imprisonment.

5. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years, and may be subject to a fine of between five million dong and
thirty million dong.

Article 167.-
Making false reports on economic management

1. Those who, for self-seeking or other personal purposes, make false
reports to the competent agencies on data and/or documents which are
clearly untruthful, thus causing serious consequences to the
elaboration and implementation of socio-economic plans of the State or
who have already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for
such acts or have already been sentenced for such offenses, have not
yet been entitled to criminal record remission but continue to commit
them, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to one year or a
prison term of between three months and three years.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 168.-
Making false advertisements

1. Those who falsely advertise goods and/or services, causing serious
consequences, or who have been administratively sanctioned for such
act or already sentenced for such offense and not yet entitled to the
criminal record remission but continue to commit it, shall be subject
to a fine of between ten million dong and one hundred million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, to a ban from practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 169.-
Deliberately acting against the regulations on distribution of relief
money and goods

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers and deliberately act
against the regulations on distribution of relief money and goods,
causing serious consequences, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to two years or to a prison term of
between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 170.-
Breaching the regulations on the granting of industrial property
protection deeds

1. Those who are competent to grant protection deeds and breach the
law provisions on the granting of industrial property protection
deeds, have already been disciplined or administrative sanctioned for
such act but still commit it, causing serious consequences, shall be
subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a prison
term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to from two to seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 171.-
Infringing upon industrial property rights

1. Those who, for business purposes, appropriate and/or illegally use
inventions, utility solutions, industrial designs, trade marks,
appellation, goods origins or other industrial property objects, which
are protected in Vietnam, thus causing serious consequences or who
have already been administratively sanctioned for such acts or already
been sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit them, shall be subject to a fine of
between twenty million dong and two hundred million dong or to
non-custodial reform for up to two years.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six months and three years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, to a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 172.-
Breaching regulations on natural resource surveys, exploration and/or
exploitation

1. Those who breach the State's regulations on natural resource
surveys, exploration and/or exploitation, conducting such activities
ashore, on islands, in inland waters, territorial waters, exclusive
economic zones, contentinental shelf and air space of Vietnam without
permits or in contravention of the contents of the permits thus
causing serious consequences, shall be subject to warning, a fine of
between fifty million dong and one billion dong or a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
and ten years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between fifty
million dong and five hundred million dong.

Article 173.-
Breaching regulations on land use

1. Those who grab and occupy land or transfer the land use right or
use land in contravention of the State's regulations on land
management and use, causing serious consequences or who have already
been administratively sanctioned for such acts or have already been
sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit them, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between three months and
three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of between thirty million dong
and one hundred million dong or a prison term of between two and seven
years of imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crimes more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and twenty million dong.

Article 174.-
Breaching regulations on land management

1. Those who take advantage of or abuse their positions and/or powers,
assigning, recovering, leasing, permitting the transfer of the right
to use or permitting the change of use of land in contravention of
law, have already been disciplined for such acts but still commit
them, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years
or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Land is large in area or of great value;

b) Serious consequences are caused.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 175.-
Breaching regulations on forest exploitation and protection

1. Those who commit one of the following acts causing serious
consequences or who have already been administratively sanctioned for
such act or have already been sentenced for this offense, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but still commit them, shall be
subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or subject to a prison term
of between three months and three years:

a) Illegally exploiting forest trees or committing other acts of
violating the State's regulations on forest exploitation and
protection, if not falling under the cases specified in Article 189 of
this Code;

b) Illegally transporting and/or trading in timber, if not falling
into the cases specified in Article 153 and Article 154 of this Code.

2. Committing the crime in very serious or particularly serious cases,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and twenty million dong.

Article 176.-
Breaching regulations on forest management

1. Those who take advantage of or abuse their positions and/or powers,
committing one of the following acts and causing serious consequences
or who have been disciplined for such acts but still commit them,
shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a
prison term of between six months and three years:

a) Illegally assigning forests and/or forest land or recovering
forests and/or forest land;

b) Illegally permitting the transfer of the use purposes of forests
and/or forest land;

c) Illegally permitting the exploitation and/or transportation of
forest products.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two to seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious consequences;

3. Committing the crime which entails particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and
twelve years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, a ban from holding certain posts
for one to five years.

Article 177.-
Breaching regulations on electricity supply

1. Any responsible persons who commit one of the following acts,
causing serious consequences or who have already been disciplined or
administratively sanctioned for such act or have already been
sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but still commit them, shall be subject to a fine of between
five million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up
to two years or a prison term of between three months and two years:

a) Cutting the electricity supply without grounds or without notices
as prescribed;

b) Groundlessly refusing to supply electricity;

c) Delaying the handling of electricity incident without plausible
reason.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
years and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between two million
dong and twenty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 178.-
Illegally using reserve funds for supplementation to the charter
capital of credit institutions

1. Any responsible persons who use charter capital supplementation
reserve funds to distribute dividends, causing serious consequences,
or who have already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned
for such act or have already been sentenced for such offense, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but still commit it, shall be
subject to a fine of between ten million dong and five hundred million
dong, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term of
between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 179.-
Breaching regulations on loan provision in the operations of credit
institutions

1. Those who are employed in the credit activities and commit one of
the following acts, causing serious consequences, shall be subject to
a fine of between ten million dong and fifty million dong or a prison
term of between one and seven years:

a) Providing non-secured loans in contravention of law provisions;

b) Providing loans in excess of the prescribed limits;

c) Other acts of violating law provisions on lending in the credit
activities.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and twelve years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten years and twenty years
of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing jobs relating to credit
activities for one to five years.

Article 180.-
Making, storing, transporting and/or circulating counterfeit money,
treasury bills and/or bonds

1. Those who make, store, transport and/or circulate counterfeit
money, treasury bills and/or bonds shall be sentenced to between three
years and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crimes in serious cases, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between five years and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crimes in very serious or particularly serious
cases, the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten years and
twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of their property.

Article 181.-
Making, storing, transporting and/or circulating counterfeit checks
and/or other counterfeit valuable papers

1. Those who make, store, transport and/or circulate counterfeit
checks and/or other counterfeit valuable papers shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in serious cases, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between five years and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime in very serious or particularly serious cases,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property.

Chapter XVII

ENVIRONMENT-RELATED CRIMES

Article 182.-
Causing air pollution

1. Those who discharge into the air different kinds of smoke, dust,
toxic matters or other harmful elements; emit radiation and/or
radioactive elements in excess of the permitted criteria, have already
been administratively sanctioned but still deliberately refuse to
apply remedial measures under the decisions of the competent agencies,
thus causing serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of
between ten million dong and one hundred million dong, non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between six months
and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 183.-
Causing water source pollution

1. Those who discharge into water sources oil, grease, toxic
chemicals, radioactive substances in excess of prescribed criteria,
wastes, animal and plant residues, bacteria, micro bacteria, harmful
and epidemical parasites or other harmful elements, have already been
administratively sanctioned but deliberately refuse to apply remedial
measures under decisions of the competent agencies, thus causing
serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of between ten
million dong and one hundred million dong, non-custodial reform for up
to three years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and ten years
of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 184.-
Causing land pollution

1. Those who bury or discharge onto land toxic matters in excess of
prescribed criteria, have already been administratively sanctioned but
still deliberately refuse to take remedial measures under decisions of
competent bodies, causing serious consequences, shall be subject to a
fine of between ten million dong and one hundred million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and ten years
of imprisonment

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 185.-
Import of technologies, machinery, equipment, discarded materials or
materials which fail to satisfy environmental protection criteria

1. Those who import or permit the import of technologies, machinery,
equipment, biological preparations, chemical preparations, noxious
matters, radioactive substances or discarded materials which fail to
satisfy the environmental protection criteria, have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts but still commit them,
causing serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of between
ten million dong and one hundred million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between six months and three
years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 186.-
Spreading dangerous epidemics to human beings

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of spreading dangerous
epidemics to other persons, shall be sentenced to between one and five
years of imprisonment:

a) Taking out of epidemic areas animals, plants, animal or plant
products or other objects capable of spreading dangerous epidemics to
human beings;

b) Bringing into or permitting to bring into Vietnam animals, plants
or animal or plant products, which are infected with diseases or carry
dangerous disease germs capable of spreading to human beings;

c) Other acts of spreading dangerous epidemics to human beings.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 187.-
Deliberately spreading dangerous epidemics to animals and/or plants

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of spreading dangerous
epidemics to animals and/or plants, causing serious consequences or
who have been administratively sanctioned for such acts but still
commit them, shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong
and one hundred million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and three years:

a) Bringing into or taking out of restricted circulation areas
animals, plants, animal or plant products or other objects, which are
infected with diseases or carry disease germs;

b) Bringing into or permitting to be brought into Vietnam animals,
plants, animal or plant products which should be quarantined, but
failing to comply with law provisions on quarantine;

c) Other acts of spreading dangerous epidemics to animals, plants.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years'.

Article 188.-
Destroying aquatic resources

1. Those who breach regulations on the protection of aquatic resources
in one of the following circumstances, causing serious consequences,
or who have already been administratively sanctioned for such acts or
sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but still commit them, shall be subject to a fine of between
ten million dong and one hundred million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between six months and three
years:

a) Using toxic substances, explosives, chemicals, electric current or
banned fishing means and gears to exploit aquatic products or destroy
aquatic resources;

b) Exploiting aquatic products in restricted areas, during the
spawning seasons of a number of species or other time periods banned
by law;

c) Exploiting aquatic products of precious and rare species, the
exploitation of which is banned under Government regulations;

d) Destroying the habitats of precious and rare aquatic species
protected under Government regulations;

e) Breaching other regulations on the protection of aquatic resources.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious or particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be subject to a fine between fifty
million dong and two hundred million dong or a prison term of between
two and five years.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of from two million
dong to twenty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 189.-
Destroying forests

1. Those who illegally burn or destroy forests or commit other acts of
forest destruction, causing serious consequences or who have already
been administratively sanctioned for such acts but still commit them,
shall be subject to a fine of between ten million and one hundred
million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison
term of between six months and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers or abusing the names of agencies or
organizations;

c) Destroying a very large forest area;

d) Felling and destroying plants of specious and rare species on the
lists prescribed by the Government;

e) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Destroying a particularly vast forest area;

b) Destroying protection forests, special-use forests;

c) Causing particularly serious consequences.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 190.-
Breaching regulations on the protection of precious and rare wild
animals

1. Those who illegally hunt, catch, kill, transport and/or trade in
precious and rare wild animals which are banned therefrom under
Government regulations or illegally transport and/or trade in the
products made of such animals, shall be subject to a fine of between
five million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up
to two years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Using banned hunting/catching tools or means;

d) Hunting/catching in prohibited areas or during prohibited times;

e) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between two million
and twenty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 191.-
Breaching the special- protection regime for nature preservation areas

1. Those who breach the regime of using and exploiting nature
preservation areas, national gardens, natural relics or other natural
areas put under the special protection by the State, have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts but still commit them and
cause serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
and five years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between two million
and twenty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Chapter XVIII

NARCOTICS-RELATED CRIMES

Article 192.-
Growing opium poppy and other kinds of plant bearing narcotic
substance

1. Those who grow opium poppy, coca shrubs, marijuana or other plants
which bear narcotic substance, have already been educated more than
once, have already been given conditions to stabilize their lives and
have already been administively sanctioned for such acts but still
commit them, shall be sentenced to between six months and three years
of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Repeating such crime.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one million
and fifty million dong.

Article 193.-
Illegally producing narcotics

1. Those who illegally produce narcotics in any form shall be
sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The crime is committed in an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

e) Poppy resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma, weighing between five
hundred grams and under one kilograms;

f) Heroine or cocaine weighing between five grams and under thirty
grams;

g) Other narcotic substances in solid form weighing between twenty
grams and under one hundred grams;

h) Other narcotic substances in liquid form measuring between one
hundred milliliters and under two hundred and fifty milliliters;

i) Involving two or more kinds of narcotics, with the total volume of
such substances being equal to the narcotic volume specified in any of
Points from e to h, Clause 2 of this Article;

j) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) The crime is committed in a professional manner;

b) Poppy resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma weighing between one
kilogram and under five kilograms;

c) Heroine or cocaine weighing between thirty grams and under one
hundred grams;

d) Other narcotic substance in solid form weighing between one hundred
grams and under three hundred grams;

e) Other narcotic substance in liquid form measuring between two
hundred milliliters and under seven hundred and fifty milliliters;

f) Involving two or more kinds of narcotics with the total volume of
such substances being equal to the narcotic volume specified in any of
the Points from b to e, Clause 3 of this Article.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Poppy resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma, weighing five
kilograms or more;

b) Heroine or cocaine weighing one hundred grams or more;

c) Other narcotic substances in solid form weighing three hundred
grams or more;

d) Other narcotic substances in liquid form, measuring seven hundred
and fifty milliliters or more;

e) Involving two kinds of narcotics with the total volume being equal
to the narcotic volume specified in one of the Points from a to d,
Clause 4 of this Article.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and five hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of their property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 194.-
Illegally stockpiling, transporting, trading in or appropriating
narcotics

1. Those who illegally store, transport, trade in or appropriate
narcotics shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

e) Conducting cross-border narcotics transportation and/or trading in
the same;

f) Employing children in the commission of the crime or selling
narcotics to children;

g) Opium resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma weighing between five
hundred grams and under one kilogram;

h) Heroine or cocaine weighing between five grams and under thirty
grams;

i) The marijuana leaves, flower and/or fruit or the coca leaves
weighing between ten kilograms and under twenty five kilograms;

j) Dried poppy fruit weighing between fifty kilograms and under two
hundred kilograms;

k) Fresh poppy fruit weighing between ten kilograms and under fifty
kilograms;

l) Other narcotic substances in solid form weighing between twenty
grams and under one hundred grams;

m) Other narcotic substances in liquid form measuring between one
hundred milliliters and under two hundred and fifty milliliters;

n) Involving two or more kinds of narcotics with their total volume
being equivalent to the narcotic volume specified in one of the Points
from g to m, Clause 2 of this Article;

o) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Opium resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma weighing between one
kilogram and under five kilograms;

b) Heroine or cocaine weighing between thirty grams and under one
hundred grams;

c) Marijuana leaves, flower and/or fruit or coca leaves weighing
between twenty five kilograms and under seventy five kilograms;

d) Dried poppy fruit weighing between two hundred kilograms and under
six hundred kilograms;

e) Fresh poppy fruit weighing between fifty kilograms and under one
hundred and fifty kilograms;

f) Other narcotic substances in solid form weighing between one
hundred grams and under three hundred grams;

g) Other narcotic substances in liquid form measuring between two
hundred milliliters and under seven hundred and fifty milliliters;

h) Involving two or more narcotic substances with the total volume
thereof being equivalent to the narcotic volume specified in one of
the Points from a to g, Clause 3 of this Article.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Opium resin, marijuana resin or coca plasma weighing five kilograms
or more;

b) Heroine or cocaine weighing one hundred grams or more;

c) Marijuana leaves, flower, fruit or coca leaves weighing seventy
five kilograms or more;

d) Dried poppy fruit weighing six hundred kilograms or more;

e) Fresh poppy fruit weighing one hundred and fifty kilograms or more;

f) Other narcotic substances in solid form weighing three hundred
grams or more;

g) Other narcotic substances in liquid form measuring seven hundred
and fifty milliliters or more;

h) Involving two or more narcotic substances with the total volume
thereof being equivalent to the narcotic volume specified in one of
the Points from a to g, Clause 4 of this Article.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and five hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 195.-
Stockpiling, transporting, trading in or appropriating pre-substances
for use in the illegal production of narcotics

1. Those who stockpile, transport, trade in or appropriate
pre-substance for use in the illegal production of narcotics shall be
sentenced to between one and six years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six and thirteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations;

e) The pre-substance weighs between two hundred grams and five hundred
grams;

f) Conducting the cross-border transportation and/or trading in the
same;

g) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime with the pre-substance weighing between five
hundred grams and under one thousand two hundred grams, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between thirteen and under twenty years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime with the pre-substance weighing one thousand
two hundred grams or more, the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty
years of imprisonment or life imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of
their property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing certain
occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 196.-
Manufacturing, stockpiling, transporting and/or trading in means
and/or tools used in the illegal production or use of narcotics

1. Those who manufacture, stockpile, transport and/or trade in means
and/or tools used in the illegal production or use of narcotics shall
be sentenced to between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Abusing positions and/or powers;

d) Abusing the names of agencies and/or organizations;

e) Law-offending objects are in great quantity;

f) Conducting cross-border transportation and/or trading in the same;

g) Dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and five hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of their property, a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 197.-
Organizing the illegal use of narcotics

1. Those who organize the illegal use of narcotics in any form shall
be sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Against more than one person;

c) Against juveniles aged full 13 or more;

d) Against women who, the offenders know to be pregnant;

e) Against persons who are giving up drug addiction;

f) Causing harms to the health of other persons with an infirmity rate
of between 31% and 60%;

g) Infecting many persons with dangerous diseases;

h) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment;

a) Causing harms to another person's health with an infirmity rate of
61% or higher or causing human death;

b) Causing harms to the health of many persons with an infirmity rate
of between 31% and 60%;

c) Infecting many persons with dangerous diseases;

d) Against children under 13 years of age.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Causing harm to the health of many persons with an infirmity rate
of 61% or higher;

b) Causing death to more than one person or causing other particularly
serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between fifty
million dong and five hundred million dong, the confiscation of part
or whole of their property, to probation or residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 198.-
Harboring the illegal use of narcotics

1. Those who lease or lend places or commit any other act of harboring
the illegal use of narcotics shall be sentenced to between two and
seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Abusing positions and/or powers;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Against children;

d) Against more than one person;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between fifty
million dong and two hundred million dong, the confiscation of part of
whole or their property.

Article 199.-
Illegal use of narcotics

1. Those who illegally use narcotics in any form, have been educated
time and again and administratively handled through the measure of
being sent to compulsory medical treatment establishments but continue
to illegally use narcotics, shall be sentenced to between three months
and two years of imprisonment.

2. Those who relapse into this crime shall be sentenced to between two
and five years of imprisonment.

Article 200.-
Forcing, inducing other persons into illegal use of narcotics

1. Those who force or induce other persons into illegal use of
narcotics shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) For base motivation;

d) Against juveniles aged full 13 or older;

e) Against women who, the offenders knows to be pregnant;

f) Against more than one person;

g) Against persons who are giving up their addiction;

h) Causing harms to other persons' health with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%;

i) Infecting other persons with dangerous diseases;

j) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen years and twenty years
of imprisonment:

a) Causing harm to other persons' health with an infirmity rate of 61%
or higher or causing human death;

b) Infecting other persons with dangerous diseases;

c) Against children aged under 13 years.

4. Committing the crime and causing the death of more than one person
or other particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be
subject to 20-years imprisonment or life imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and one hundred million dong.

Article 201.-
Breaching regulations on management and use of addictive drugs or
other narcotic substances

1. Those who are responsible for the export, import, trading,
transport, preservation, distribution, allocation and/or use of
addictive drugs or other narcotic substances but violate the
regulations on management and use of such substances, shall be subject
to a fine of between five million dong and one hundred million dong or
to a prison term of between one year and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in cases where very serious consequence are
caused the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty
years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences are caused, the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty
years of imprisonment or life imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Chapter XIX

CRIMES OF INFRINGEMENT UPON PUBLIC SAFETY, PUBLIC ORDER

Article 202.-
Breaching regulations on operating road vehicles

1. Those who operate road vehicles and breach the regulations on land
road traffic safety, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the
health and/or property of other persons shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between six months and five
years.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances,
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Without driving permits or licenses as prescribed;

b) While being intoxicated by alcohol or other strong intoxicants;

c) Causing accidents then fleeing in order to shirk responsibility or
deliberately refusing to rescue the victims;

d) Failing to obey the signals and orders of persons who are
performing the task of traffic control or guidance;

e) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing such crimes resulting in particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Breaching the regulations on land road traffic safety, which may
actually entail particularly serious consequences if not prevented in
time, the offenders shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to
one year or a prison term of between three months and two years.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 203.-
Obstructing road traffic

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of obstructing road
traffic, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons, shall be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and thirty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
two years or a prison term of between three months and three years:

a) Illegally digging, drilling and/or cutting land road traffic works;

b) Illegally placing obstacles that obstruct road traffic;

c) Illegally dismantling, removing, dislocating, shielding or
destroying traffic signals and/or safety facilities;

d) Illegally opening intersections across land roads and/or roads with
median strips;

e) Grabbing, occupying pavements, road surfaces;

f) Grabbing, occupying road protection corridors;

g) Violating the regulations on ensuring traffic safety while carrying
out construction on roads;

h) Other acts of obstructing traffic.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) At passes, slopes and dangerous road sections;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the offense which entails particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten
years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not prevented in time, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and
twenty million dong, non-custodial reform or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

Article 204.-
Using vehicles which fail to meet safety standards

1. Those who take direct responsibility for the mechanical status of
road vehicles and permit the use of those road vehicles in
circumstances where they obviously fail to meet mechanical safety
standards causing the loss of lives or serious damage to the health
and/or property of other persons, shall be subject to a fine of
between ten million dong and fifty million dong, to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between six months
and five years.

2. Committing the offense and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
three and ten years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 205.-
Mobilizing or assigning unqualified persons to operate road vehicles

1. Those who mobilize or assign persons who have no driving permits or
licenses or do not fully meet other conditions prescribed by law to
operate road vehicles, causing loss of life or serious damage to the
health and/or property of other persons, shall be subject to a fine of
between three million dong and thirty million dong, non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between one and three
years.

2. Committing the offense and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and
twelve years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 206.-
Organizing illegal motor races

1. Those who illegally organize races for cars, motor bicycles or
other types of motorized vehicles shall be subject to a fine of
between ten million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between one and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Organizing large-scale motor races;

b) Organizing bettings;

c) Organizing the resistance against persons bearing the
responsibility of ensuring traffic order and safety or persons with
responsibility to disperse the illegal races;

d) Organizing motor races in densely populated areas;

e) Disassembling safety devices on vehicles being raced;

f) Causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons;

g) Relapsing into this crime or the crime of illegal motor vehicle
racing.

3. Committing the crime which constitutes a dangerous recidivism or
entails very serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years
and twenty years of imprisonment or life imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and thirty million dong.

Article 207.-
Illegal motor racing

1. Those who participate in illegal car, motor bicycle or other
motorized vehicle races, causing damage to the health and/or property
of other persons or have already been administratively sanctioned for
such act or have already be sentenced for such offense, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but still commit it, shall be
subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Causing loss of life or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons;

b) Causing accidents then fleeing away in order to shirk the
responsibility or deliberately refusing to rescue the victims;

c) Participating in betting;

d) Opposing the persons responsible for ensuring traffic order and
safety or persons responsible for dispersing illegal motor races.

e) Racing in densely populated areas;

f) Disassembling safety devices on the vehicle being raced;

g) Relapsing into this crime or the crime of organizing illegal motor
races.

3. Committing the crime which constitutes a dangerous recidivism or
entails very serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between five years and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment;

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and thirty million dong.

Article 208.-
Breaching the regulations on operating railway vehicles

1. Those who command or operate railway vehicles and violate the
regulations on railway traffic safety, causing loss of lives or
serious damage to the health and/or property of other persons, shall
be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and one hundred
million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison
term of between one and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Having no permits, licenses or professional certificates
corresponding to the assigned tasks;

b) In the state of intoxication due to the use of alcohol beyond the
prescribed limits or intoxication due to the use of other strong
intoxicants;

c) Causing accidents then fleeing in order to shirk responsibility or
deliberately refusing to assist victims of the accident;

d) Failing to obey the orders of the commanders or persons competent
to control and maintain railway traffic order and safety;

e) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if they are not warded off in time,
the offenders shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong
and fifty million dong, to non-custodial reform for up to two years or
a prison term of between six months and three years.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 209.-
Obstructing railway traffic

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of obstructing railway
traffic, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons or who have already been administratively
sanctioned for such act or have already been sentenced for such
offense, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but continue to
commit it, shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and
fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a
prison term of between one and five years:

a) Placing obstacles on railways;

b) Dislocating rails and/or sleepers;

c) Illegally drilling, digging and/or cutting railway beds, illegally
opening roads across railway lines;

d) Damaging, changing, removing and/or shielding signals, signboards
and/or marker posts of railway traffic works;

e) Letting animals cross railways in contravention of regulations or
letting animals drag carts across railways without persons handling
the animals;

f) Illegally operating self-made rail vehicles and/or banned vehicles
on railways;

g) Illegally grabbing and occupying areas restricted for ensuring
safety of railway traffic works;

h) Other acts of obstructing railway traffic.

2. Committing the offense and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where it may actually entail
particularly serious consequences may actually if they are not warded
off in time, the offenders shall be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, to non- custodial reform for up
to one year or a prison term of between three months and two years.

Article 210.-
Putting to use railway vehicles which fail to meet safety standards

1. Those who take direct responsibility for the mechanical status of
railway vehicles and permit the use of railway vehicles which
obviously fail to ensure the safety, causing the loss of lives or
serious damage to the health and/or property of other persons, or who
have already been disciplined for such act but continue to commit it,
shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and fifty
million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison
term of between one and five years.

2. Committing the offense and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 211.-
Mobilizing or assigning unqualified persons to operate railway traffic
means

1. Those who mobilize or assign persons who have no driving permits or
licenses or fail to meet other conditions prescribed by law to command
or operate railway vehicles means, thus causing loss of lives or
serious damage to the health and/or property of other persons or who
have already been disciplined for such act but continue to commit it,
shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and fifty
million dong, non-custodial reform or a prison term of between one and
five years.

2. Committing the offense and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
yeas.

Article 212.-
Breaching the regulations on operating waterborne transport devices

1. Those who operate waterborne transport devices and violate the
regulations on waterway traffic safety, causing loss of lives or
serious damage to the health and/or property of other persons, shall
be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and fifty million
dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of
between one and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Having no permits, licenses or professional certificates
corresponding to the assigned tasks;

b) Being in the state of intoxication due to the use of alcohol beyond
the prescribed limits or the use of other strong intoxicants;

c) Causing an accident then fleeing in order to shirk responsibility
or deliberately refusing to assist the victims;

d) Failing to obey the orders of the persons who command or persons
competent to control and maintain waterway traffic order and safety;

e) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the offense and causing particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and
thirty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a
prison term of between six months and three years.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 213.-
Obstructing waterway traffic

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of obstructing waterway
traffic, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons shall be subject to a fine of between ten
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform or a prison
term of between one and five years:

a) Illegally carrying out drillings or diggings, thus damaging the
structure of waterway traffic works;

b) Creating barricades, thus obstructing waterway traffic without
placing and maintaining signals;

c) Removing signals, reducing their effect and usefulness;

d) Dismantling signals or destroying waterway traffic works;

e) Grabbing and occupying waterway traffic lines or their protection
corridors;

f) Other acts of obstructing waterway traffic.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where it may actually entail
particularly serious consequences if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of five million dong to thirty
million dong, to non-custodial reform for up to one year or to a
prison term of between three months and two years.

Article 214.-
Putting into use waterborne transport devices which fail to meet
safety standards

1. Those who are directly responsible for the mobilization or
technical status of waterway traffic means but permit the use of the
waterborne transport devices which obviously fail to meet safety
standards, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health
and/or property of other persons, or who have already been disciplined
or administratively sanctioned for such act or have already been
sentenced for such offense, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit it, shall be subject to a fine of
between ten million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between one and five years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 215.-
Mobilizing or assigning unqualified persons to operate waterborne
transport devices

1. Those who mobilize or assign persons who have no driving permits or
licenses or who fail to meet other conditions as prescribed by law to
operate waterborne transport devices, causing the loss of lives or
serious damage to the health and/or property of other persons, or who
have already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for such
act or have already been sentenced for such offense, not yet entitled
to criminal record remission but continue to commit it, shall be
subject to a fine of between ten million dong and fifty million dong,
non-custodial reform or to a prison term of between one and five
years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 216.-
Breaching regulations relating to the operation of aircrafts

1. Those who command or operate aircraft but violate the regulations
on air traffic safety, which may actually entail particularly serious
consequences if not warded off in time, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong, to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between one and five
years.

2. Committing the crime and causing the loss of lives or serious
damage to the health and/or property of other persons, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three to ten years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven years and fifteen years
of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 217.-
Obstructing air traffic

1. Those who commit one of the following acts of obstructing air
traffic, causing loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons or have already been disciplined or
administratively sanctioned for such act or sentenced for such
offense, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but continue to
commit it, shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and
fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a
prison term of between one and five years:

a) Placing barricades which obstruct air traffic;

b) Illegally removing, dislocating, shielding or destroying air
traffic safety signs and/or signals;

c) Wrongly using or interfering with communications frequencies;

d) Providing wrong information, posing danger to flights;

e) Damaging airport equipment or other support facilities;

f) Other acts of obstructing air traffic.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following cases, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of imprisonment:

a) They are persons directly responsible for ensuring the air traffic
safety or directly manage air traffic safety equipment;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be subject to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime which may actually entail particularly serious
consequences if not warded off in time, the offenders shall be subject
to a fine of between five million dong and twenty million dong, to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
six months and three years.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 218.-
Putting into use aircrafts which fail to meet safety standards

1. Those who are directly responsible for the mechanical status of
aircrafts but permit the use of such aircraft which obviously fail to
meet technical safety standards shall be sentenced to between one and
five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing the loss of lives or serious
damage to the health and/or property of other persons, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between eight years and fifteen years
of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty
years of imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 219.-
Mobilizing or assigning unqualified persons to operate aircrafts

1. Those who mobilize or assign persons who have no piloting licenses
or fail to fully meet other conditions prescribed by law to operate
aircrafts shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing the loss of lives or serious
damage to the health and/or property of other persons, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between eight years and fifteen years
of imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty
years of imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 220.-
Breaching regulations on maintenance, repair and/or management of
traffic works

1. Those who are responsible for the maintenance, repair and/or
management of road, railway, waterway or airway traffic works but
violate the regulations thereon, causing the loss of lives or serious
damage to the health and/or property of other persons shall be subject
to a between of from five million dong and one hundred million dong,
non-custodial reform or a prison term of between six months and three
years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 221.-
Hijacking aircrafts, ships

1. Those who use force, threaten to use force or use other tricks to
appropriate aircrafts or ships shall be sentenced to between seven and
fifteen years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty years
of imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Using weapons or dangerous means;

c) Inflicting injury on or causing harm to the health of other
persons;

d) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime and causing human death or other particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to probation or residence ban for
between one and five years.

Article 222.-
Operating aircrafts in violation of aviation regulations of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

1. Those who operate aircrafts into or out of Vietnam and violate the
aviation regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in
circumstances other than those stipulated in Articles 80 and 81 of
this Code shall be subject to a fine of between one hundred million
dong and three hundred million dong or a prison term of between six
months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of between three hundred million
dong and five hundred million dong or a prison term of between two and
seven years.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be subject to a fine of
between five hundred million dong and one billion dong or a prison
term of between five years and ten years.

4. The aircraft may be confiscated.

Article 223.-
Operating maritime means in violation of navigation regulations of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

1. Those who operate ships or other waterborne transport devices into
or out of Vietnam or pass through Vietnam's territorial waters and
violate the navigation regulations of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam in circumstances other than those stipulated in Articles 80
and 81 of this Code shall be subject to a fine of between fifty
million dong and two hundred million dong or a prison term of between
three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be subject to a fine of between two hundred million
dong and five hundred million dong or a prison term of between one and
three years.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be subject to a fine of
between five hundred million and eight hundred million dong or a
prison term of between three and seven years.

4. The waterborne transport device may be confiscated.

Article 224.-
Creating and spreading, scattering electronic virus programs

1. Those who create and intentionally spread or scatter virus programs
through computer networks or by other methods, thus causing operation
disorder, blockading, deformation or destruction of computer data or
who have already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for
this act but continue to commit it, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and one hundred million dong or a prison
term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 225.-
Breaching regulations on operating, exploiting and using computer
networks

1. Those who are allowed to use computer networks but violate the
regulations on operating. exploiting and using the computer networks,
causing operation disorder, blockading or deformation or destruction
of computer data or who have already been disciplined,
administratively sanctioned for such act but continue to commit it,
shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and one
hundred million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or a
prison term of between one and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced between two and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 226.-
Illegally using information in computer networks

1. Those who illegally use information in computer networks and
computers as well as put information into computer networks in
contravention of law provisions, causing serious consequences, who
have already been disciplined, administratively sanctioned but
continue to commit it, shall be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, a ban from holding certain
posts, practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to
five years.

Article 227.-
Breaching regulations on labor safety, labor hygiene, safety in
crowded places

1. Those who breach regulations on labor safety, labor hygiene, safety
in places crowded with people, causing loss of lives or serious
damange to the health and/or property of other persons, shall be
subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term
of between six months and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) They are persons responsible for labor safety, labor hygiene or
safety in crowded places;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and twelve years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where the particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 228.-
Breaching regulations on employment of child labor

1. Those who employ children to perform jobs which are heavy,
dangerous or in contact with hazardous substances on the lists
prescribed by the State, causing serious consequences, or who have
already been administratively sanctioned for this act but continue to
commit it, shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and
fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to two years or a
prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the crime more than once;

b) Against more than one children;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between two million
dong and twenty million dong.

Article 229.-
Breaching regulations on construction, causing serious consequences

1. Those who violate the regulations on construction in the fields of
survey, design, construction, use of raw materials, materials,
machinery, pre-acceptance test or other fields in circumstances other
than those stipulated in Article 220 of this Code, causing the loss of
lives or serious damage to the health and/or property of other
persons, shall be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and
one hundred million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years
or a prison term of between six months and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) They are persons with positions and powers;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between eight and twenty years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 230.-
Illegally manufacturing, stockpiling, transporting, using, trading in
or appropriating military weapons and/or technical means

1. Those who illegally manufacture, stockpile, transport, use, trade
in or appropriate military weapons and/or technical means shall be
sentenced to between one and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Objects involved in the offense are in great quantity;

c) Conducting cross-border transport or trading;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten years and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offense are in very great quantity;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offense are in particularly great
quantity;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, to probation or residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 231.-
Destroying important national security works and/or facilities

1. Those who destroy communications and transport, works or facilities
information-communication works or facilities, electricity and/or gas
works, irrigation works or other important works relating to security,
defense, economy, sciences and techniques, culture and social affairs
in the circumstances other than those stipulated in Article 85 of this
Code, shall be sentenced to between three years and twelve years of
imprisonment

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and twenty years of
imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences;

c) Dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to probation for one to five
years.

Article 232.-
Illegally manufacturing, stockpiling, transporting, using, trading or
appropriating explosive materials

1. Those who illegally manufacture, stockpile, transport, use, trade
in or appropriate explosive materials shall be sentenced to between
one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Objects involved in the offense are in great quantity;

c) Conducting cross-border transportation and/or trading;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offense are in very great quantity;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) Objects involved in the offense are in particularly great quantity;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, to probation or residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 233.-
Illegally manufacturing, stockpiling, transporting, using, trading in
or appropriating rudimentary weapons or support devices

1. Those who illegally manufacture, stockpile, transport, use, trade
in or appropriate rudimentary weapons or support devices, have already
been administratively sanctioned for such acts, or have already been
sentenced for such offense, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit it, shall be sentenced to between
three months and two years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Objects involved in the offense are in great quantity;

c) Conducting cross-border transportation and/or trading;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, probation or residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 234.-
Breaching regulations relating to the management of weapons, explosive
materials, support devices

1. Those who breach regulations on management of the production,
repair, supply, use, maintenance, storage, transport and trading of
weapons, explosive materials, support devices, causing the loss of
lives or serious damage to the health and/or property of other
persons, shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the offense in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 235.-
Neglecting responsibilities relating to the keeping of weapons,
explosive materials and support devices, causing serious consequences

1. Those who are assigned weapons, explosive materials and/or support
devices but neglect their responsibility and let other persons use
such weapons, explosive materials and/or support devices, causing the
loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or property of other
persons, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and five years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
three and ten years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 236.-
Illegally producing, stockpiling, transporting, using, trading in or
appropriating radioactive elements

1. Those who illegally produce, stockpile, transport, use, trade in or
appropriate radioactive elements shall be sentenced to between two and
seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) The objects involved in the offense are in great quantity;

c) Conducting cross-border transportation and/or trading;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the offenses in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offenses are in very great quantity;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offense are in particularly great
number;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, probation or residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 237.-
Breaching regulations relating to the management of radioactive
elements

1. Those who violate the regulations relating to the management of the
production, supply, use, preservation, storage, transport and/or
trading of radioactive elements, which may actually entail serious
consequences if not warded off in time, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing the loss of lives or damage to the
health of other persons, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
three and ten years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years
of imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 238.-
Illegally producing, stockpiling, transporting, using or trading in
inflammables, toxins

1. Those who illegally produce, stockpile, transport, use and/or trade
in inflammables and/or toxins shall be sentenced to between one and
five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) The objects involved in the offense are in great quantity;

c) Conducting cross-border transportation and/or trading;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offenses are in very great quantity;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to from fifteen to twenty years of
imprisonment or life imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offenses are in particularly great
quantity;

b) Causing particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be sentenced to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, the probation or residence ban
for one to five years.

Article 239.-
Breaching the regulations relating to the management of inflammables,
toxins

1. Those who violate the regulations relating to the management of the
production, supply, use, preservation, storage, transport or trading
of inflammables and/or toxins, causing the loss of lives or serious
damage to the health and/or property of other persons shall be
sentenced to between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 240.-
Breaching regulations on fire prevention and fighting

1. Those who violate the regulations on fire prevention and fighting,
causing the loss of lives or serious damage to the health and/or
property of other persons shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform
for up to three years or to between six months and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and eight years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and twelve years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be sentenced to warning, non-custodial reform for up
to two years or between three months and two years of imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 241.-
Breaching the regulations on safety in operating electricity works

1. Those who commit one of the following acts causing serious
consequences or have been disciplined or administratively sanctioned
for such act but continue to commit it shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or to between six months
and three years of imprisonment:

a) Permitting the construction of or constructing without permission,
houses and works within electricity work safety corridors;

b) Causing explosion, fires, burning forests for milpa building,
felling trees, affecting the operative safety of electricity works;

c) Digging holes, driving stakes and/or building houses on corridors
designed to protect underground electric cables;

d) Anchoring ships and/or boats in the corridors designed to protect
of electric cables in riverbeds or sea beds, which have been warned
off with notices or signboards.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime in cases where particularly serious
consequences may actually occur if not warded off in time, the
offenders shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to two
years or between three months and two years of imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 242.-
Breaching regulations on medical examination and treatment, drug
production, preparations, supply and sale or other medical services

1. Those who violate the regulations on medical examination and
treatment, drug production, preparations, supply and sale or other
medical services in circumstances other than those stipulated in
Article 201 of this Code, causing the loss of lives or serious damage
to the health of other persons or have already been disciplined or
administratively sanctioned for such acts or have already sentenced
for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but
continue their violation, shall be sentenced to between one and five
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 243.-
Illegal abortion

1. Those who perform illegal abortions for other persons, causing loss
of lives or serious damage to the health of such persons, or who have
already been disciplined or administratively sanctioned for such act
or already sentenced for such offense, not yet entitled to criminal
record remission but continue to commit it, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or between one and five
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 244.-
Reaching regulations on food safety and hygiene

1. Those who process, supply or sell food which, they know, fails to
meet the criteria on safety and hygiene, causing loss of life or
serious damage to the health of consumers, shall be sentenced to
between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 245.-
Causing public disorder

1. Those who foment public disorder, causing serious consequences or
who have been already administratively sanctioned for such act or
sentenced for such offense, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit such act, shall be sentenced to a
fine of between one million dong and ten million dong, non-custodial
reform for up to two years or between three months and two years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Using weapons or committing acts of devastation;

b) In an organized manner;

c) Causing serious obstruction to traffic or cessation of public
activities;

d) Inciting other persons to cause disorder;

e) Assaulting persons who intervene to keep the public order;

f) Dangerous recidivism.

Article 246.-
Interfering with human corpses, graves and/or remains

1. Those who dig and/or destroy graves or tombs, appropriate objects
left therein or thereon or commit other acts of interference with
human corpses, graves or tombs and/or remains, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to one year or between three months' and
two years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

Article 247.-
Performing superstitious practices

1. Those who perform fortune-telling, medium practices or other forms
of superstition, causing serious consequences, or who have already
been administratively sanctioned for such acts or already sentenced
for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but
continue to commit them, shall be sentenced to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or to between six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing human death or other particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
three years and ten years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Article 248.-
Gambling

1. Those who engage in gambling in any form of winning or losing money
or things of great value or have already been administratively
sanctioned for acts stipulated in this Article and Article 249 of this
Code or have already been sentenced for one of such offenses, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but continue to commit them,
shall be sentenced to a fine of between five million dong and fifty
million dong, non-custodial reform for up to three years or between
three months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) The offense is of professional character;

b) Money or kind used in gambling are of very great or particularly
great value;

c) The offense constitutes dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Article 249.-
Organizing gambling or running gambling-dens

1. Those who organize gambling or run gambling dens on a large scale
or who have already been administratively sanctioned for the acts
defined in this Article and Article 248 of this Code or have already
been sentenced for one of such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal
record remission but continue to commit them, shall be sentenced to a
fine of between ten million dong and three hundred million dong or to
between one year and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) The offense is of professional character;

b) Illegally gaining large, very large or particularly large amounts
of profit;

c) The offense constitutes dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of their property.

Article 250.-
Harboring or consuming property acquired through the commission of
crime by other persons

1. Those who, without prior promise, harbor or consume property with
the full knowledge that it was acquired through the commission of
crime by other persons, shall be sentenced to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crimes in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Being of professional character;

c) The property or things involved in the offense are of great value;

d) Gaining large amount of illicit profits;

e) The offense constitute a cases of dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced between five years and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) The property or things involved in the offense are of very great
value;

b) A very large amount of profit is illegally gained.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The property or things involved in the offense are of particularly
great value;

b) Particularly great amount of profit is illegally gained.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong and/or the confiscation of part
or whole or their property.

Article 251.-
Laundering money and/or property obtained through the commission of
crime

1. Those who, through financial and/or banking operations or other
transactions, legalize money and/or property obtained through the
commission of crime or use such money and/or property to conduct
business activities or other economic activities, shall be sentenced
to between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Committing the offense more than once.

3. Committing the crime in particularly serious circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to the confiscation of property,
a fine treble the amount of money or the value of the property, which
have been legalized, to a ban from holding certain posts, practicing
certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 252.-
Crimes of enticing compelling juveniles to commit offenses or
harboring juvenile offenders

1. Those who entice or compel juveniles into criminal activities or a
depraved life or harbor juvenile offenders shall be sentenced to
between one and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Enticing, compelling, harboring and/or inducing more than one
person;

c) Against children under 13 years of age;

d) Causing serious, very serious or particularly serious consequences;

e) Constituting a serious case of recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Offenders falling under the case prescribed at Point e, Clause 2, this
Article, may also be subject to probation for one to five years.

Article 253.-
Disseminating debauched cultural products

1. Those who make, duplicate, circulate, transport, sell or purchase,
stockpile decadent books, newspapers, pictures, photographs, films,
music or other objects for the purpose of dissemination thereof, or
commit other acts of disseminating debauched cultural products in one
of the following circumstances, shall be sentenced to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong, to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or to between six months and three years
of imprisonment:

a) The offense involves a large quantity of cultural products;

b) The cultural products are disseminated to more than one person;

c) The offenders have already been administratively sanctioned for
such act or have already been sentenced for such offense, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but continue to commit it.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Objects involved in the offense are in very great quantity;

c) Against juveniles;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The objects involved in the offense are in particularly great
quantity;

b) Very serious or particularly serious consequences are caused.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong.

Article 254.-
Harboring prostitutes

1. Those who harbor prostitutes shall be sentenced to between one and
seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Coercing other persons into prostitution;

c) Committing the crime more than once;

d) Against juveniles aged between full 16 years and under 18 years;

e) Causing serious consequences;

f) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty years
of imprisonment:

a) Against children aged between full 13 years and under 16 years;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment or
life imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and one hundred million dong, the confiscation of part or whole
of property, probation for one to five years.

Article 255.-
Procuring prostitutes

1. Those who entice or procure prostitutes shall be sentenced to
between six months and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offenses in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Against juveniles aged between full 16 years and under 18 years;

b) In an organized manner;

c) Being of professional character;

d) Committing the offense more than once;

e) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism;

f) Against more than one person;

g) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) Against children aged between full 13 years and under 16 years;

b) Causing very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one million
and ten million dong.

Article 256.-
Sexual intercourse with juveniles

1. Those who have paid sexual intercourses with juveniles aged between
full 16 years and under 18 years shall be sentenced to between one and
five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and eight years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the offense more than once;

b) Having paid sexual intercourse with children aged between full 13
years and under 16 years;

c) Causing harm to the victims' health with an infirmity rate of
between 31% and 60%.

3. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) The offense is committed more than once against children aged
between full 13 years and under 16 years;

b) The offense is committed even though the offenders know that they
have been infected with HIV;

c) Harms are caused to the health of the victim with a infirmity rate
of 61% or higher.

4. The offenders shall also be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and ten million dong.

Chapter XX

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT ORDER

Article 257.-
Resisting persons in the performance of their official duties

1. Those who use force, threaten to use force or use other tricks to
obstruct persons in the performance of their official duties or coerce
them to perform illegal acts, shall be sentenced to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or between six months' and three years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the offense more than once;

c) Instigating, inducing, involving, inciting other persons to commit
the offense;

d) Causing serious consequences;

e) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism.

Article 258.-
Abusing democratic freedoms to infringe upon the interests of the
State, the legitimate rights and interests of organizations and/or
citizens

1. Those who abuse the rights to freedom of speech, freedom of press,
freedom of belief, religion, assembly, association and other
democratic freedoms to infringe upon the interests of the State, the
legitimate rights and interests of organizations and/or citizens,
shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the offense in serious circumstances, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 259.-
Evading military service

1. Those who fail to strictly abide by the law provisions on military
service registration, fail to abide by the order for enlistment into
the army, the summoning order for military training, have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts or have already been
sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit such violations, shall be sentenced
to non-custodial reform for up to two years or between three months'
and two years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offenses in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders inflict injuries on themselves or harm to their
health;

b) The offenses are committed during war time;

c) The offenders drag other persons into committing the offenses.

Article 260.-
Failing to abide by the order to summon reserve armymen for enlistment
into the army

1. Those who are reserve armymen but refuse to obey the order for
enlistment into the army in case of general mobilization, local
mobilization, war or of a demand to reinforce the regular force of the
army for combat to defend localities, to defend the territorial
sovereignty, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between six months' and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders inflict injuries on themselves or harms to their
health;

b) The offenders drag other persons into committing the offense.

Article 261.-
Acting against the regulations on the performance of military service

1. Those who abuse positions and/or powers to act against the
regulations on military service registration, the order for enlistment
into the army and/or the summoning order for military trainings shall
be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to three years or between
six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense during the war time, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 262.-
Obstructing the performance of military service

1. Those who deliberately obstruct the military service registration,
the summon for enlistment into the army, the summon for military
training, shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to
two years or a prison term of between three months and two years.

2. Committing the offense in cases of abusing positions and/or powers
or during war time, the offenders shall be sentenced to between one
and five years of imprisonment.

Article 263.-
Deliberately disclosing State secrets; appropriating, trading in
and/or destroying State secret documents

1. Those who deliberately disclose State secrets or appropriate, trade
in and/or destroy State secret documents in circumstances other than
those defined in Article 80 of this Code, shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten
and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and one hundred million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 264.-
Unintentionally disclosing State secrets, losing State secret
documents

1. Those who unintentionally disclose State secrets or lose State
secret documents shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between six month's and three years of imprisonment.

2. If causing serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 265.-
Assuming false position or rank

Those who assume false position or rank in order to commit illegal
acts shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to two years or
between three months and two years of imprisonment.

Article 266.-
Amending and/or using certificates and papers issued by agencies
and/or organizations

1. Those who amend, falsify the contents of passports, visas,
household registration, civic status registration or various kinds of
certificates and other documents of agencies and/or organizations and
use such papers to commit illegal acts, causing serious consequences,
or have already been administratively sanctioned for such acts but
continue to commit them, shall be subject to warning, a fine of
between one million dong and ten million dong, non-custodial reform
for up to three years or a prison term of between six months and three
years.

2. Committing the offenses in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In organized manner;

b) Committing the crime more than once;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one million
dong and five million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 267.-
Forging seals and/or documents of agencies and/or organizations.

1. Those who forge seals, documents or other papers of agencies and/or
organizations or use such seals, documents or papers to deceive
agencies, organizations and/or citizens, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong or a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the offense more than once;

c) Causing serious consequences;

d) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between four
and seven years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong.

Article 268.-
Appropriating, trading in, destroying seals and/or documents issued by
State agencies and/or social organizations

1. Those who appropriate, trade in and/or destroy seals and/or
documents of State agencies and/or social organizations, which are not
classified as State secrets or work secrets, shall be subject to a
fine of between one million dong and ten million dong, non-custodial
reform for up to two years or a prison term of between three months
and two years.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing serious, very serious or particularly serious consequences;

c) Constituting a case of dangerous recidivism.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one million
dong and five million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 269.-
Failing to execute administrative decisions of competent State
agencies on sending offenders to establishments for reeducation,
medical treatment or administrative probation

Those who deliberately refuse to execute administrative decisions of
competent State agencies on sending offenders to establishments for
reeducation, medical treatment, or administrative probation despite
the application of necessary coercise measures, shall be sentenced to
between six months and three years of imprisonment.

Article 270.-
Breaching regulations on management of dwelling houses

1. Those who appropriate space for housing, build dwellings illegally,
have already been administratively sanctioned for such acts or already
sentenced for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record
remission but continue to commit the violations, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to two years or between three months and
two years of imprisonment.

Dwelling houses and works, which have been built illegally, may be
dismantled, compulsorily purchased or confiscated.

2. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between five million
dong and fifty million dong.

Article 271.-
Breaching regulations relating to the publication and distribution of
books, newspapers, audio discs and tapes, video discs and tapes or
other printed matters

1. Those who violate regulations relating to the publication and
distribution of books, newspapers, audio discs and tapes, video discs
and tapes or other printed matters shall be subject to warning, a fine
of between ten million dong and one hundred million dong,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

2. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between ten million
dong and fifty million dong, a ban from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 272.-
Breaching regulations relating to the protection and use of historical
or cultural relics, famous landscapes and scenic places, causing
serious consequences

1. Those who violate regulations relating to the protection and use of
historical or cultural relics, famous landscapes and scenic places,
thus causing serious consequences or have already been
administratively sanctioned for such acts or already been sentenced
for such offenses, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but
continue to commit the violations, shall be subject to warning, a fine
of between two million dong and twenty million dong, non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between three months
and three years.

2. Committing the crime in cases where very serious or particularly
serious consequences are caused, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between two and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 273.-
Breaching regulations on border regions

1. Those who violate the regulations on residence, movement or other
regulations relating to border regions, have already been
administratively sanctioned for such act or already been sentenced for
such offense, not yet entitled to criminal record remission but
continue to commit the violation, shall be subject to a fine of
between five million dong and fifty million dong or a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. If the offense constitutes a case of recidivism or causes serious
consequences, the offender shall be sentenced to between two and seven
years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three
million dong and thirty million dong, the residence ban for one to
five years.

Article 274.-
Illegally leaving or entering the country; illegally staying abroad or
in Vietnam

Those who illegally leave or enter the country or stay abroad or in
Vietnam, have already been administratively sanctioned for such act
but continue the violation, shall be subject to a fine of between five
million dong and fifty million dong or a prison term of between three
months and two years.

Article 275.-
Organizing and/or coercing other persons to flee abroad or to stay
abroad illegally

1. Those who organize and/or coerce other persons to flee abroad or
stay abroad in cases other than those stipulated in Article 91 of this
Code shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. If the offense is committed more than once or causes serious or
very serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
five and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. If particularly serious consequences are caused, the offenders
shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of imprisonment.

Article 276.-
Affronting the national flag or national emblem

Those who deliberately affront the national flag and/or the national
emblem shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform for up to
three years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

Chapter XXI

CRIMES RELATING TO POSITION

Article 277.-
Definition of position-related crimes

Position-related crimes are acts of infringing upon the legitimate
activities of agencies and/or organizations, which are carried out by
persons holding positions whilst they are on official duties.

The persons with positions as mentioned above are those who are
assigned through appointment, election, contract or other
arrangements, with or without salaries, to perform certain official
duties and have certain powers while performing such official duties.

Section A. CRIMES OF CORRUPTION

Article 278.-
Embezzling property

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers to appropriate the
property which they have the responsibility to manage and which is
valued between five hundred thousand dong and fifty million dong, or
which is under five hundred thousand dong but falls into one of the
following cases, shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Serious consequences are caused;

b) The offenders have already been disciplined for such acts but
continue to commit them;

c) The offenders have already been sentenced for one of the offenses
stipulated in Section A of this Chapter, not yet entitled to criminal
record remission but continue to commit them.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Employing treacherous and dangerous tricks;

c) Committing the offense more than once;

d) Appropriating property valued between fifty million dong and two
hundred million dong;

e) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between two hundred million dong and
five hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Appropriating property valued at five hundred million dong or more;

b) Causing other particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years, be subject to a fine of between ten million dong and
fifty million dong, the confiscation of part or whole of their
property.

Article 279.-
Receiving bribes

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or power, have accepted or will
accept directly or through intermediaries money, property or other
material interests in any form valued between five hundred thousand
dong and ten million dong, or under five hundred thousand dong but in
one of the following circumstances in order to perform or not to
perform certain jobs for the benefits or at the request of the bribe
offerers, shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Serious consequences are caused;

b) The offenders have already been disciplined for such acts but
continue to commit them;

c) The offenders have already been sentenced for one of the crimes
stipulated in Section A, this Chapter, not yet been entitled to
criminal record remission but continue to commit them.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers;

c) Committing the offense more than once;

d) Knowing clearly that the bribes are the State's property;

e) Asking for bribes, harassing or employing treacherous tricks for
bribes;

f) The bribe is valued between ten million dong and under fifty
million dong;

g) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) Appropriating property valued between fifity million dong and under
three hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) Appropriating property with valued at three hundred million dong or
more;

b) Causing other particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years, may be subject to a fine between one and five times
the value of the bribe, and/or the confiscation of part or whole of
property.

Article 280.-
Abusing positions and/or powers to apporpriate property

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers to appropiate other
persons' property valued between five hundred thousand dong and under
fifty million dong or under five hundred thousand dong but causing
serious consequences, have been disciplined for such act or sentenced
for one of the offenses defined in Section A, this Chapter, not yet
entitled to criminal record remission but continue to commit it, shall
be sentenced to between one and six years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six years and thirteen years
of imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Employing perfidious and dangerous tricks;

c) Committing the crime more than once;

d) Dangerous recidivism;

e) Appropriating the property valued between five million and under
two hundred million dong;

f) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between thirteen and twenty years of
imprisonment.

a) Appropriating the property valued between two hundred million dong
and under five hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment or life
imprisonment..

a) Appropriating property valued at five hunderd million dong or more;

b) Causing other particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years, and/or may be subject to a fine of between ten
million to fifty million dong.

Article 281.-
Abusing positions and/or powers while performing official duties

1. Those who, for self-seeking or other personal motivation, abuse
their positions and/or powers to act contrarily to their official
duties, causing damage to the interests of the State and the society
and/or the legitimate rights and interests of citizens shall be
sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to three years or from one
year to five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the offense more than once;

c) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten
and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years, may be subject to a fine of between three million
dong and thirty million dong.

Article 282.-
Abusing powers while performing official duties

1. Those who, for self-seeking or other personal motivation, act
beyond their powers contrarily to their official duties, causing
damage to the interests of the State and the society, and/or to the
legitimate rights and interests of citizens, shall be sentenced to
between one and seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the offense more than once;

c) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between ten
and twenty years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years, may be subject to a fine of between three million
dong and thirty million dong.

Article 283.-
Abusing positions and/or powers to influence other persons for
personal profits

1. Those who abuse positions and/or powers, have accepted or will
accept directly or through intermediaries money, property or other
material interests in any form valued between five hundred thousand
dong and under ten million dong, or under five hundred thousand dong
but causing serious consequences, have already been disciplined for
such act but continue to commit it, to use their influence and incite
persons with positions and powers to do or not to do something within
the sphere of their responsibility or directly related to their work
or to do something they are not allowed to do, shall be sentenced to
between one and six years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six years and thirteen years
of imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Committing the offense more than once;

c) The money, property or other material interests are valued between
ten million dong and under fifty million dong;

d) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between thirteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) The money, property or other material interests are valued between
fifty million dong and under three hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment or life
imprisonment:

a) The money, property or other material interests are valued at three
hundred million dong or more;

b) Causing other particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years, may be subject to a fine of from one to five times
the amount of money or the value of the property they have earned for
their personal profits.

Article 284.-
Forgery in the course of employment

1. Those who, for self-seeking or other personal motivation, abuse
their positions and/or powers to commit one of the following acts,
shall be sentenced to between one and five years of imprisonment:

a) Amending or falsifying contents of papers, documents;

b) Making and/or granting counterfeit papers;

c) Forging signatures of persons with positions and powers.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) The offenders are persons responsible for making or granting the
papers and/or documents;

c) Committing the offense more than once;

d) Causing serious consequences

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven and fifteen years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment.

5. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts or
doing certain jobs for one to five years, may be subject to a fine of
between three million dong and thirty million dong.

Section B. OTHER CRIMES RELATING TO POSITION

Article 285.-
Negligence of responsibility, causing serious consequences

1. Those who, due to negligence of their responsibility, fail to
perform or improperly perform their assigned tasks, causing serious
consequences in cases other than those stipulated in Articles 144, 235
and 301 of this Code, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for
up to three years or between six months and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
three years and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 286.-
Deliberately disclosing work secrets; appropriating, trading in or
destroying documents containing work secrets

1. Those who deliberately disclose work secrets or appropriate, trade
in or destroy documents containing work secrets in cases other than
those stipulated in Articles 80 and 263 of this Code, shall be
sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to three years or between
three months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 287.-
Unintentionally disclosing work secrets; losing documents containing
work secrets

1. Those who unintentionally disclose work secrets or lose documents
containing work secrets, causing serious, very serious or particularly
serious consequences in cases other than those stipulated in Article
264 of this Code, shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform
for up to two years or a prison term of between three months and two
years.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 288.-
Deserting one's posts

1. Those who are public employees but deliberately desert their
working posts, causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to two years or to between three months
and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Dragging other persons into deserting their posts;

b) Committing the offense in circumstances of war, natural calamity or
in other particularly difficult situation of the society;

c) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 289.-
Offering bribes

1. Those who offer a bribe which has a value of between five hundred
thousand dong and under ten million dong, or under five hundred
thousand dong but cause serious consequences or commit it more than
once, shall be sentenced to between one and six years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between six months and thirteen years
of imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Employing treacherous tricks;

c) Using State property to offer bribes;

d) Committing the offense more than once;

e) The bribe has a value of between ten million dong and under fifty
million dong;

f) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between thirteen and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) The bribe has a value of between fifty million dong and under three
hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment:

a) The bribe has a value of three hundred million dong or more;

b) Causing other particularly serious consequences.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one and five
times the value of the bribe.

6. Persons who are coerced to offer bribes but take initiative in
reporting them before being detected may be exempt from penal
liability and have part of or the entire property offered as bribes
returned.

Article 290.-
Acting as intermediaries for bribery

1. Those who act as intermediaries for bribery and the bribe has a
value of between five hundred thousand dong and under ten million
dong, or under five hundred thousand dong but causes serious
consequences, or commit the offense more than once, shall be sentenced
to between six months' and five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Employing treacherous tricks;

c) Knowing that the bribes are State property;

d) Committing the offense more than once;

e) The bribe has a value of between ten million dong and under fifty
million dong;

f) Causing other serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between eight years' and fifteen years
of imprisonment:

a) The bribe has a value of between fifty million dong and under three
hundred million dong;

b) Causing other very serious consequences.

4. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) The bribe has a value of three hundred million dong or more;

b) Other particularly serious consequences are caused.

5. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between one and five
times the value of the bribe.

6. The bribery intermediaries who take initiative in reporting such
before being detected, shall be exempt from penal liability.

Article 291.-
Taking advantage of one's influence over persons with positions and
powers to seek personal benefits

1. Those who directly or through intermediaries accept money, property
or other material benefits in any form, valued between five hundred
thousand dong and under fifty million dong, or under five hundred
thousand dong but cause serious consequences, who have already been
disciplined for such act but continue to commit it, to use their
influence to entice persons with positions and powers to do or not to
do things within their responsibility or to do things they are not
allowed to do, shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Committing the offense more than once;

b) Accepting the money, property or other material benefits valued at
fifty million dong or more;

c) Causing other serious, very serious or particularly serious
consequences.

3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of from one to five
times the amount of money or the value of property they have taken for
personal profits.

Chapter XXII

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON JUDICIAL ACTIVITIES

Article 292.-
Definition of crimes of infringing upon judicial activities

Crimes of infringing upon judicial activities are acts of infringing
upon the legitimate activities of investigating, procuracy,
adjudicating and judgment-executing agencies in the protection of the
interests of the State, the legitimate rights and interests of
organizations and/or citizens.

Article 293.-
Examining innocent persons for penal liability

1. Those who have competence but examine for penal liability persons
who they know to be innocent shall be sentenced to between one and
five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) The penal liability is examined for crimes of infringing upon the
national security or other crimes being particularly serious crimes;

b) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 294.-
Failing to examine for penal liability persons who are guilty

1. Those who have competence but fail to examine for penal liability
persons who they know to be guilty, shall be sentenced to between six
months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Failing to examine for penal liability persons who have committed
crimes of infringing upon the national security or other crimes being
particularly serious ones;

b) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
and twelve years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 295.-
Handing down illegal judgements

1. Those judges or juries who hand down judgements which they clearly
know to be illegal shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences the offenders
shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 296.-
Making illegal decisions

1. Those who have competence in investigating, prosecuting,
adjudicating and/or judgement-executing activities and issue decisions
which they clearly know are illegal, causing damage to the interests
of the State, the legitimate rights and interests of organizations
and/or citizens, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
and ten years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 297.-
Coercing judicial personnel to act against laws

1. Those who abuse positions and/or powers to coerce judicial
personnel to act against laws in investigating, prosecuting,
adjudicating and/or judgement-executing activities, thus causing
serious consequences, shall be sentenced to between six months and
three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Using force, threatening to use force or using other dangerous and
treacherous tricks;

b) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 298.-
Applying corporal punishment

1. Those who apply corporal punishment in investigating, prosecuting,
adjudicating and/or judgement-executing activities shall be sentenced
to between six months' and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
years and twelve years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 299.-
Forcing evidence or testimony

1. Those who, while conducting investigation, prosecution or trial,
employ illegal tricks in order to force persons being questioned to
give false evidence, causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced
to between six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and ten years
of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 300.-
Falsifying case dossiers

1. Any investigators, procurators, judges, juries, court clerks or
other judicial personnel, advocates or defenders of interests of
involved parties, who add, cut, amend, fraudulently exchange, destroy
or damage documents and/or material evidence pertaining to cases, or
employ other means with a view to falsifying the contents of dossiers
on cases, shall be sentenced to between one and five years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between
seven and fifteen years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts
and/or doing certain jobs for one to five years.

Article 301.-
Neglecting responsibility resulting in escape of detainees

1. Those who directly control, guard or escort persons under custody
or detention but neglect their responsibilities, resulting in the
escape of detainees and causing serious consequences, shall be subject
to non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term of
between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime of letting persons placed in custody or
detention for serious, very serious or particularly serious offenses
escape or cause very serious consequences, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five and ten years of
imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 302.-
Illegally releasing persons being held in custody or detention

1. Those who abuse their positions and powers or take advantage of
powers to illegally release persons being held in custody or
detention, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime of illegally releasing persons being held in
custody or detention for very serious or particularly serious offenses
or causing very serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between two years and seven years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between five years and ten years
of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 303.-
Abusing positions and powers to detain persons in contravention of law

1. Those who abuse their positions and/or powers refusing to issue
decisions or to abide by decisions on release of persons eligible
therefor under the provisions of law, shall be sentenced to between
six months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
years and ten years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 304.-
Failing to execute judgements

Those who deliberately refuse to execute the court's judgements or
decisions which have already taken legal effect, though necessary
coercive measures have been applied, shall be subject to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between six months
and three years.

Article 305.-
Failing to enforce judgements

1. Any competent person who deliberately refuses to issue decisions to
enforce judgements or refuses to execute decisions to enforce the
court's judgements or decisions, causing serious consequences or who
have already been disciplined for such acts but continue to commit
them, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years
or a prison term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
years and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 306.-
Obstructing the enforcement of judgements

1. Those who abuse positions and powers, deliberately obstructing the
enforcement of judgements, and/thus, cause serious consequences, shall
be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison
term of between six months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and five years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders shall also be banned from holding certain posts for
one to five years.

Article 307.-
Making false declarations or supplying false documents

1. Any expert witnesses, interpreters and/or witnesses who make false
conclusions, interpretation or declarations or supply documents which
they clearly know are untrue, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of between
three months and one year.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between one and three years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Causing serious consequences.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particular serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between three and
seven years of imprisonment.

4. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 308.-
Refusing to make declarations, refusing to make expert conclusions or
refusing to supply documents

1. Those who refuse to make declarations in cases other than those
stipulated in Clause 2, Article 22 of this Code, or shirk the duty to
make declarations, expert conclusions or refuse to supply documents,
without plausible reasons, shall be subject to warning, non-custodial
reform for up to one year or a prison term of between three months and
one year.

2. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 309.-
Bribing or coercing other persons to make false declarations or to
supply untrue documents

1. Those who bribe or coerce witnesses and/or victims to make false
declarations and/or supply untrue documents, experts to make false
conclusions and/or interpreters to make wrong interpretations, shall
be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison
term of between three months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) Using force, threatening to use force of employing other dangerous
tricks;

b) Abusing positions and/or powers.

Article 310.-
Violating the sealing and/or inventory of property

1. Those who are assigned to keep inventoried or sealed property or
sealed material evidence and commit one of the following acts shall be
sentenced to between six months and three years of imprisonment:

a) Destroying seals;

b) Consuming, using, assigning, fraudulently exchanging, concealing or
destroying inventoried property;

c) Causing serious consequences.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
years and seven years of imprisonment.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts,
practicing certain occupations or doing certain jobs for one to five
years.

Article 311.-
Escaping from places of detention or custody or escaping whilst being
escorted or on trial

1. Those who are being held in custody or detention, escorted or
tried, and escape, shall be sentenced to between six months and five
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Using force against guards or escorters.

Article 312.-
Rescuing persons being held in detention or custody, persons being
escorted, persons being on trial

1. Those who rescue persons being held in detention or custody, being
escorted or being tried in circumstances other than those stipulated
in Article 90 of this Code, shall be sentenced to between two and
seven years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between five and twelve years of
imprisonment:

a) In an organized manner;

b) Abusing positions and/ or powers;

c) Using force against guards or escorters;

d) Rescuing persons being convicted of infringement upon national
security or persons sentenced to death;

e) Causing serious, very serious or particularly serious consequences.

3. The offenders may also be banned from holding certain posts for one
to five years.

Article 313.-
Concealing offenses

1. Those who, without prior promise, conceal one of the offenses
defined in the following articles shall be sentenced to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or between six months and five years of
imprisonment:

- Articles from 78 to 91 on crimes of infringement upon national
security;

- Article 93 (murder); Article 111, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (rape); Article
112 (rape against children); Article 114 (forcible intercourse with
children); Article 116, Clauses 2 and 3 (Obscenity against children);
Article 119, Clause 2 (trafficking in women);

- Article 120 (trading in, fraudulently exchanging or appropriating
children);

- Article 133 (robbery of property); Article 134 (kidnapping for the
purpose of property appropriation); Article 138, Clauses 2, 3 and 4
(robbery and stealers of property); Article 139, Clauses 2, 3 and 4
(deception for appropriation of property); Article 140, Clauses 2, 3
and 4 (Abusing trust to appropriate property); Article 143, Clauses 2,
3 and 4 (destroying or intentionally damaging property);

- Article 153, Clause 3 and 4 (smuggling); Article 154, Clause 3
(Illegally transporting commodities and/or currency(ies) across
borders); Article 155, Clauses 2 and 3 (producing, storing,
transporting, trading banned goods); Article 156, Clauses 2 and 3
(producing and/or trading fake goods); Article 157 (producing and/or
trading in fake goods being food, foodstuff, curative medicines,
preventive medicine); Article 158, Clauses 2 and 3 (producing and/or
trading in fake goods being animal feeds, fertilizers, veritenary
drugs, plant protection drugs, plant varieties and animal breeds);
Article 160, Clauses 2 and 3 (speculation); Article 165, Clauses 2 and
3 (deliberately acting against the State's regulations on economic
management, causing serious consequences); Article 166, Clauses 3 and
4 (setting up illegal funds); Article 179, Clauses 2 and 3 (breaching
regulations on lending activities of credit institutions); Article 180
(making, storing, transporting, circulating counterfeit banknotes,
cheques, bonds); Article 181 (making, storing, transporting,
circulating counterfeit cheques and other valuable papers); Article
189, Clauses 2 and 3 (destroying forests);

- Article 193 (illegally producing narcotics); Article 194 (storing,
transporting, illegally trading in or appropriating Article 195
(illegally storing, transporting, trading in or appropriating
pre-substance used for illegal production of narcotics); Article 196,
Clause 2 (producing, storing, transporting, trading in means and tools
used in the illegal production or use of narcotics); Article 197
(organizing the illegal use of narcotics); Article 198 (harboring the
illegal use of narcotics); Article 200 (coercing, dragging other
persons into the illegal use of narcotics); Article 201, Clauses 2, 3
and 4 (breaching the regulations on management and use of addictive
drugs or other narcotic substances);

- Article 206, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (organizing illegal motor races);
Article 221(hijacking airplanes, ships); Article 230 (illegally
manufacturing, storing, transporting, using, trading in or
appropriating military weapons and/or technical means); Article 231
(destroying important national security works and/or facilities);
Article 232, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (illegally manufacturing, storing,
transporting, using, trading in or appropriating explosives); Article
236, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (illegally producing, storing, transporting,
using, trading in or appropriating radioactive elements); Article 238,
Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (illegally producing, storing, transporting, using
or trading in inflammables, toxins);

- Article 256, Clauses 2 and 3 (having paid sexual intercourse with
juveniles);

- Article 278, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (embezzlement of property); Article
279, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (taking bribes); Article 280, Clauses 2, 3 and
4 (abusing positions and powers to appropriate property); Article 281,
Clauses 2 and 3 (abusing positions and powers in the performance of
official duties); Article 282, Clauses 2 and 3 (abusing powers while
performing official duties); Article 283, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (abusing
positions and powers to influence other persons for personal profits);
Article 284, Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (Forgery in work); Article 289,
Clauses 2, 3 and 4 (offering bribes); Article 290, Clauses 2, 3 and 4
(acting as intermediary in bribery);

- Article 311, Clause 2 (escaping from places of detention or custody,
or escaping whilst being escorted, adjudicated);

- Articles from 341 to 344 on crimes of undermining peace, against
mankind and war crime.

2. If abusing positions and powers to obstruct the detection of crimes
or committing other acts of concealing criminals, the offenders shall
be sentenced to between two and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 314.-
Failing to denounce crimes

1. Those who have full knowledge of one of the crimes defined in
Article 313 of this Code, which is being prepared, is being or has
been committed, but fail to denounce it, shall be subject to warning,
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and three years.

2. If the offenders' grand fathers, grand mothers, fathers, mothers,
children, grandchildren, siblings, wives or husbands fail to denounce
the former's crimes of infringing upon the national security or other
particularly serious offenses under the provisions of Clause 1, this
Article, they shall bear penal liability therefor.

3. Persons who have failed to denounce offenses but acted to dissuade
the offenders from committing the offenses or to limit the harms done
thereby, may be exempt from penal liability or penalties.

Chapter XXIII

CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ARMY
PERSONNEL

Article 315.-
Persons to be held responsible criminally for infringing upon the
duties and responsibilities of army personnel

Army personnel on active service, reserve army personnel in the period
of concentrated training, citizens requisitioned for service in the
army, militiamen, self-defense personnel detached to army units in
combat, combat service, shall bear penal liability for the offenses
they commit as provided for in this Chapter.

Article 316.-
Disobeying orders

1. Those who disobey orders of their direct commanding officers or
competent superiors shall be sentenced to between six months' and five
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offender shall be sentenced to between five years and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) The offender is a commanding officer or an officer;

b) The offender drags other person(s) into committing the offense;

c) Force is used;

d) The offense entails serious consequences.

3. If the offense is committed in combat, in battle zones or in other
special circumstances, or causes very serious consequences, the
offender shall be sentenced to between ten years' and twenty years of
imprisonment.

4. If causing particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall
be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or
capital punishment.

Article 317.-
Unscrupulously executing orders

1. Those who execute orders negligently, dilatorily and/or casually,
thus causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or to between three months and three
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in combat, in battle zones or in other
special circumstances, or causing very serious or particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two years'
and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 318.-
Obstructing fellow combatants from discharging their duties and
responsibilities

1. Those who obstruct fellow combatants from discharging their duties
and responsibilities shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up
to three years or to between three months and three years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two and ten years of
imprisonment:

a) Dragging other persons into committing the offense;

b) Using force;

c) Causing serious or very serious consequences.

3. Committing the offense in combat, in battle zones or causing
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between seven years' and fifteen years of imprisonment.

Article 319.-
Insulting or assaulting commanders or superiors

1. Those who, in working relationships, seriously hurt the dignity and
honor of or assault commanders or superiors, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of between
three months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious, very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between two years and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 320.-
Humiliating or applying corporal punishment to subordinates

1. Those who, in their working relationships, seriously infringe upon
the dignity and honor of or apply corporal punishment to subordinates,
shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a
prison term of between three months and three years.

2. If causing serious, very serious or particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two years
and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 321.-
Humiliating or assaulting companions- in- arms

1. Those who seriously infringe upon the dignity and honor of or
assault companions-in-arms, in situations where these is no working
relationship between them under cases stipulated in Articles 319 and
320 of this Code, shall be subject to warning, non-custodial reform
for up to two years or a prison term of between three months and two
years.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious, very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between one year and five years of imprisonment.

Article 322.-
Surrending to the enemy

1. Those who, in the course of combat, surrender to the enemy, shall
be sentenced to between five years and fifteen years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the offense in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty years
of imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders deliver to the enemy military weapons, technical
means or important documents;

c) The offenders drag other persons into committing the offense;

d) Serious or very serious consequences are caused.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment.

Article 323.-
Passing information to or voluntarily working for the enemy when
captured as prisoners of war

1. Those who, when captured as prisoners of war by the enemy, pass
information on military secrets to or voluntarily work for the enemy,
shall be sentenced to between one year and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between seven years and fifteen years
of imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders cruelly treat other prisoners of war;

c) Serious or very serious consequences are caused.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between fifteen years and twenty
years of imprisonment or life imprisonment.

Article 324.-
Abandoning combat positions

1. Those who abandon their combat positions or fail to discharge their
duties in combat shall be sentenced to between five years and twelve
years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten years and twenty years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders abandon weapons, technical means or important
documents;

c) The offenders drag other persons into committing the crime;

d) Serious or very serious consequences are caused.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment or
life imprisonment.

Article 325.-
Desertion

1. Those who desert the army with a view to evading their duties, have
been disciplined for such act but continue to commit it or cause
serious consequences or commit it in the time of war, shall be subject
to non-custodial reform for up to three years or a prison term of
between six months and five years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and eight years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders drag other persons into committing the crime;

c) The offenders bring along or abandon weapons, military technical
means or important documents;

d) Very serious consequences are caused.

3. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between seven years and twelve
years of imprisonment.

Article 326.-
Shirking duties

1. Those who inflict injuries upon themselves, cause harm to their own
health or employ other dishonest tricks in order to evade their
duties, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years
or a prison term of between three months and three years.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders drag other persons into committing the crime;

c) The crime is committed during the war time;

d) Serious consequences are caused.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
years and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 327.-
Intentionally disclosing secrets of military activities ;
appropriating, trading in or destroying secret documents on military
activities

1. Those who intentionally disclose secrets of military activities or
appropriate, trade in or destroy secret documents on military
activities in cases other than those stipulated in Articles 80 and 263
of this Code, shall be sentenced to between six months and five years
of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious, very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between three years and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 328.-
Unintentionally disclosing secrets of military activities; losing
secret documents on military activities

1. Those who unintentionally disclose secrets of military activities
or lose secret documents on military activities in cases other than
those stipulated in Article 264 of this Code, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to two years or a prison term of between
three months and two years.

2. Committing the crime and causing serious, very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between one year and five years of imprisonment.

Article 329.-
Making false reports

1. Those who intentionally make false reports, causing serious
consequences, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between three months and three years.

2. Committing the crime and causing very serious or particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two
years and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 330.-
Breaching regulations on combat readiness, commanding duties, official
duties

1. Those who fail to strictly observe the regime of being on combat
duties, commanding duties and/or official duties, thus causing serious
consequences, shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three
years or a prison term of between six months and five years.

2. Committing the offense in combat or causing very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between three years and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 331.-
Breaching regulations on guard duty

1. Those who fail to strictly observe the regulations on patrol, guard
and/or escort, causing serious consequences, shall be subject to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a prison term of
between six months and five years.

2. If the offense is committed in combat or entails very serious or
particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to
between three years and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 332.-
Breaching regulations on ensuring safety in combat or in training

1. Those who fail to strictly observe the regulations on ensuring
safety in combat or in training, thus causing serious consequences,
shall be subject to non-custodial reform for up to three years or to a
prison term of between one year and five years.

2. If causing very serious or particularly serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and ten years of
imprisonment.

Article 333.-
Breaching regulations on the use of military weapons

1. Those who breach regulations on the use of military weapons,
causing serious consequences, shall be subject to non-custodial reform
for up to three years or to a prison term of between six months and
five years.

2. If the offense is committed in battle zones or entails very serious
or particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced
to between three years and ten years of imprisonment.

Article 334.-
Destroying military weapons, technical means

1. Those who destroy military weapons and/or technical means, if in
cases other than those stipulated in Articles 85 and 231 of this Code,
shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment.

2. If the offense is in combat or in battle zones or entails serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five years
and twelve years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing very serious consequences, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between ten years and twenty years of
imprisonment.

4. Committing the crime and causing particularly serious consequences,
the offenders shall be sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, life
imprisonment or capital punishment.

Article 335.-
Losing or unintentionally damaging military weapons and/or technical
means

1. Those who are assigned to manage or are equipped with military
weapons and/or technical means but lose or unintentionally damage
them, causing serious consequences, shall be subject to non-custodial
reform for up to three years or a prison term of between six months
and five years.

2. If very serious or particularly serious consequences are caused,
the offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and seven
years of imprisonment.

Article 336.-
Violating policies towards war wounded and/or war dead during combat

1. Any responsible person who deliberately leaves war-wounded and/or
war dead on the battlefield or leaves war wounded untended and
untreated, thus causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or between three months and
three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime and causing the offense entails very serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between two years
and seven years of imprisonment.

3. Committing the crime and causing the offense entails particularly
serious consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between five
years' and ten years of imprisonment.

4. Those who appropriate relics of war dead shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or between three months and
three years of imprisonment.

Article 337.-
Appropriating or destroying war trophies

1. Those who, while in combat or clearing the battlefields,
appropriate or destroy war trophies, shall be sentenced to
non-custodial reform for up to three years or between six months and
five years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between three years and eight years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The war trophies are of great or very great value;

c) Serious or very serious consequences are caused.

3. If the offense involves war trophies of particularly great value or
entails particularly serious consequences, the offenders shall be
sentenced to between seven years and twelve years of imprisonment.

Article 338.-
Harassing people

1. Those who commit acts of harassing people, have been disciplined
for such acts but continue to commit them or cause serious
consequences, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between three months and three years of imprisonment.

2. Committing the crime in one of the following circumstances, the
offenders shall be sentenced to between two years and seven years of
imprisonment:

a) The offenders are commanders or officers;

b) The offenders drag other persons into committing the crime;

c) The offense is committed in battle zones or in areas where the
state of emergency has already been declared;

d) Very serious or particularly serious consequences are caused.

Article 339.-
Abusing military demands while performing duties

1. Those who, while performing duties, ask for more than the military
demands, causing serious property loss to the State, organizations
and/or citizens, shall be sentenced to non-custodial reform for up to
three years or between three months and three years of imprisonment.

2. If the offense entails very serious or particularly serious
consequences, the offenders shall be sentenced to between three years
and seven years of imprisonment.

Article 340.-
Ill-treating prisoners of war and/or enemy deserters

Those who ill-treat prisoners of war and/or enemy deserters shall be
subject to non-custodial reform for up to one year or a prison term of
between three months and two years.

Chapter XXIV

CRIMES OF UNDERMINING PEACE, AGAINST HUMANITY AND WAR CRIMES

Article 341.-
Undermining peace, provoking aggressive wars

Those who propagate and/or incite wars of aggression, or prepare,
carry out or participate in wars of aggression against the
independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of another
country, shall be sentenced to between twelve years and twenty years
of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment.

Article 342.-
Crimes against mankind

Those who, in peace time or war time, commit acts of annihilating
en-mass population in an area, destroying the source of their
livelihood, undermining the cultural and spiritual life of a country,
upsetting the foundation of a society with a view to undermining such
society, as well as other acts of genocide or acts of ecocide or
destroying the natural environment, shall be sentenced to between ten
years and twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital
punishment.

Article 343.-
War crimes

Those who, in time of war, give the order for or directly undertake
the murder of civilians, wounded persons, prisoners of war, the
looting of property, the destruction of population quarters, the use
of banned war means or methods, and/or commit other acts in serious
violation of international laws or international treaties which
Vietnam has signed or acceded to, shall be sentenced to between ten
years and twenty years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital
punishment.

Article 344.-
Recruiting mercenaries or working as mercenaries

1. Those who recruit, train or use mercenaries to oppose a friendly
country of Vietnam or a national liberation movement shall be
sentenced to between ten years and twenty years of imprisonment or
life imprisonment.

2. Those who work as mercenaries shall be sentenced to between five
years and fifteen years of imprisonment.

This Code was passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam, X
th Legislature, at its 6th session on December 21, 1999.

National Assembly Chairman
NONG DUC MANH










A : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan
B : Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi
C : Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Republic of the... ,Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic
D : Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic

E : Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia
F : Fiji, Finland, France
G : Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana
H : Haiti, Honduras, Hungary
I : Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy
J : Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
K : Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
L : Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
M : Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,
N : Namibia, Nauru, Nepal , Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
O : Oman
P : Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Q : Qatar
R : Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda
S : Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic,
T : Tajikistan, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia , Turkey Turkmenistan, Tuvalu
U : Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan
V : Vanuatu, Venezuela, Bolivarian, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Habeas Corpus

"Habeas Corpus" (ad subjiciendum) means "You may have the body" (to produce it in court).

"Habeas Corpus" (ad subjiciendum)is an important instrument to safeguard individual freedom against arbitrary criminal process by police or other executive powers. The concept of habeas corpus is a fundamental part of the British legal system. the first mention of habeas corpus was in 1305, to the reign of England’s King Edward I. Habeas corpus is a writ, or written court order, that requires a person held by the authorities to be brought before the courts so the legality of their detention can be examined.

In America, the main principles were adopted in the US Constitution. (Habeas Corpus Act 1679) Article 1, Section 9, Clause 2


Habeas Corpus Act

31 Car. 2, c. 2 , 27 May 1679

Whereas great delays have been used by sheriffs, gaolers and other officers, to whose custody any of the King's subjects have been committed for criminal or supposed criminal matters, in making returns of writs of habeas corpus to them directed, by standing out an alias and pluries habeas corpus, and sometimes more, and by other shifts to avoid their yielding obedience to such writs, contrary to their duty and the known laws of the land, whereby many of the King's subjects have been and hereafter may be long detained in prison, in such cases where by law they are bailable, to their great charges and vexation:

II. For the prevention whereof, and the more speedy relief of all persons imprisoned for any such criminal or supposed criminal matters; (2) be it enacted by the King's most excellent majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority thereof, That whensoever any person or persons shall bring any habeas corpus directed unto any sheriff or sheriffs, gaoler, minister or other person whatsoever, for any person in his or her custody, and the said writ shall be served upon the said officer, or left at the gaol or prison with any of the under-officers, under-keepers or deputy of the said officers or keepers, that the said officer or officers, his or their under-officers, under-keepers or deputies, shall within three days after the service thereof as aforesaid (unless the commitment aforesaid were for treason or felony, plainly and specially expressed in the warrant of commitment) upon payment or tender of the charges of bringing the said prisoner, to be ascertained by the judge or court that awarded the same, and endorsed upon the said writ, not exceeding twelve pence per mile, and upon security given by his own bond to pay the charges of carrying back the prisoner, if he shall be remanded by the court or judge to which he shall be brought according to the true intent of this present act, and that he will not make any escape by the way, make return of such writ; (3) and bring or cause to be brought the body of the party so committed or restrained, unto or before the lord chancellor, or lord keeper of the great seal of England for the time being, or the judges or barons of the said court from whence the said writ shall issue, or unto and before such other person or persons before whom the said writ is made returnable, according to the command thereof; (4) and shall then likewise certify the true causes of his detainer or imprisonment, unless the commitment of the said party be in any place beyond the distance of twenty miles from the place or places where such court or person is or shall be residing; and if beyond the distance of twenty miles, and not above one hundred miles, then within the space of ten days, and if beyond the distance of one hundred miles, then within the space of twenty days, after such delivery aforesaid, and not longer.

III. And to the intent that no sheriff, gaoler or other officer may pretend ignorance of the import of any such writ; (2) be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That all such writs shall be marked in this manner, Per statutum tricesimo primo Caroli secundi Regis, and shall be signed by the person that awards the same; (3) and if any person or persons shall be or stand committed or detained as aforesaid, for any crime, unless for felony or treason plainly expressed in the warrant of commitment, in the vacation-time, and out of term, it shall and may be lawful to and for the person or persons so committed or detained (other than persons convict or in execution by legal process) or any one on his or their behalf, to appeal or complain to the lord chancellor or lord keeper, or any one of his Majesty's justices, either of the one bench or of the other, or the barons of the exchequer of the degree of the coif; (4) and the said lord chancellor, lord keeper, justices or barons or any of them, upon view of the copy or copies of the warrant or warrants of commitment and detainer, or otherwise upon oath made that such copy or copies were denied to be given by such person or persons in whose custody the prisoner or prisoners is or are detained, are hereby authorized and required, upon request made in writing by such person or persons, or any on his, her or their behalf, attested and subscribed by two witnesses who were present at the delivery of the same, to award and grant an habeas corpus under the seal of such court whereof he shall then be one of the judges, (5) to be directed to the officer or officers in whose custody the party so committed or detained shall be, returnable immediate before the said lord chancellor or lord keeper, or such justice, baron or any other justice or baron of the degree of the coif of any of the said courts; (6) and upon service thereof as aforesaid, the officer or officers, his or their under-officer or under-officers, under-keeper or under-keepers, or their deputy, in whose custody the party is so committed or detained, shall within the times respectively before limited, bring such prisoner or prisoners before the said lord chancellor or lord keeper, or such justices, barons or one of them, before whom the said writ is made returnable, and in case of his absence before any other of them, with the return of such writ, and the true causes of the commitment and detainer; (7) and thereupon within two days after the party shall be brought before them, the said lord chancellor or lord keeper, or such justice or baron before whom the prisoner shall be brought as aforesaid, shall discharge the said prisoner from his imprisonment, taking his or their recognizance, with one or more surety or sureties, in any sum according to their discretions, having regard to the quality of the prisoner and nature of the offence, for his or their appearance in the court of King's bench the term following, or at the next assizes, sessions or general gaol-delivery of and for such county, city or place where the commitment was, or where the offence was committed, or in such other court where the said offence is properly cognizable, as the case shall require, and then shall certify the said writ with the return thereof, and the said recognizance or recognizances into the said court where such appearance is to be made; (8) unless it shall appear unto the said lord chancellor or lord keeper, or justice or justices, or baron or barons, that the party so committed is detained upon a legal process, order or warrant, out of some court that hath jurisdiction of criminal matters, or by some warrant signed and sealed with the hand and seal of any of the said justices or barons, or some justice or justices of the peace, for such matters or offences for the which by the law the prisoner is not bailable.

IV. Provided always, and be it enacted, That if any person shall have wilfully neglected by the space of two whole terms after his imprisonment, to pray a habeas corpus for his enlargement, such person so wilfully neglecting shall not have any habeas corpus to be granted in vacation-time, in pursuance of this act.

V. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any officer or officers, his or their under-officer or under-officers, under-keeper or under-keepers, or deputy, shall neglect or refuse to make the returns aforesaid, or to bring the body or bodies of the prisoner or prisoners according to the command of the said writ, within the respective times aforesaid, or upon demand made by the prisoner or person in his behalf, shall refuse to deliver, or within the space of six hours after demand shall not deliver, to the person so demanding, a true copy of the warrant or warrants of commitment and detainer of such prisoner, which he and they are hereby required to deliver accordingly, all and every the head gaolers and keepers of such prisons, and such other person in whose custody the prisoner shall be detained, shall for the first offence forfeit to the prisoner or party grieved the sum of one hundred pounds; (2) and for the second offence the sum of two hundred pounds, and shall and is hereby made incapable to hold or execute his said office; (3) the said penalties to be recovered by the prisoner or party grieved, his executors or administrators, against such offender, his executors or administrators, by any action of debt, suit, bill, plaint or information, in any of the King's courts at Westminster, wherein no essoin, protection, privilege, injunction, wager of law, or stay of prosecution by Non vult ulterius prosequi, or otherwise, shall be admitted or allowed, or any more than one imparlance; (4) and any recovery or judgment at the suit of any party grieved, shall be a sufficient conviction for the first offence; and any after recovery or judgment at the suit of a party grieved for any offence after the first judgment, shall be a sufficient conviction to bring the officers or person within the said penalty for the second offence.

VI. And for the prevention of unjust vexation by reiterated commitments for the same offence; (2) be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That no person or persons which shall be delivered or set at large upon any habeas corpus, shall at any time hereafter be again imprisoned or committed for the same offence by any person or persons whatsoever, other than by the legal order and process of such court wherein he or they shall be bound by recognizance to appear, or other court having jurisdiction of the cause; (3) and if any other person or persons shall knowingly contrary to this act recommit or imprison, or knowingly procure or cause to be recommitted or imprisoned, for the same offence or pretended offence, any person or persons delivered or set at large as aforesaid, or be knowingly aiding or assisting therein, then he or they shall forfeit to the prisoner or party grieved the sum of five hundred pounds; any colourable pretence or variation in the warrant or warrants of commitment notwithstanding, to be recovered as aforesaid.

VII. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That if any person or persons shall be committed for high treason or felony, plainly and specially expressed in the warrant of commitment, upon his prayer or petition in open court the first week of the term, or first day of the sessions of oyer and terminer or general gaol-delivery, to be brought to his trial, shall not be indicted some time in the next term, sessions of oyer and terminer or general gaol-delivery, after such commitment; it shall and may be lawful to and for the judges of the court of King's bench and justices of oyer and terminer or general gaol-delivery, and they are hereby required, upon motion to them made in open court the last day of the term, sessions or gaol-delivery, either by the prisoner or any one in his behalf, to set at liberty the prisoner upon bail, unless it appear to the judges and justices upon oath made, that the witnesses for the King could not be produced the same term, sessions or general gaol-delivery; (2) and if any person or persons committed as aforesaid, upon his prayer or petition in open court the first week of the term or first day of the sessions of oyer and terminer and general gaol-delivery, to be brought to his trial, shall not be indicted and tried the second term, sessions of oyer and terminer or general gaol-delivery, after his commitment, or upon his trial shall be acquitted, he shall be discharged from his imprisonment.

VIII. Provided always, That nothing in this act shall extend to discharge out of prison any person charged in debt, or other action, or with process in any civil cause, but that after he shall be discharged of his imprisonment for such his criminal offence, he shall be kept in custody according to the law, for such other suit.

IX. Provided always, and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any person or persons, subjects of this realm, shall be committed to any prison or in custody of any officer or officers whatsoever, for any criminal or supposed criminal matter, that the said person shall not be removed from the said prison and custody into the custody of any other officer or officers; (2) unless it be by habeas corpus or some other legal writ; or where the prisoner is delivered to the constable or other inferior officer to carry such prisoner to some common gaol; (3) or where any person is sent by order of any judge or assize or justice of the peace, to any common workhouse or house of correction; (4) or where the prisoner is removed from one prison or place to another within the same county, in order to his or her trial or discharge in due course of law; (5) or in case of sudden fire or infection, or other necessity; (6) and if any person or persons shall after such commitment aforesaid make out and sign, or countersign any warrant or warrants for such removal aforesaid, contrary to this act; as well he that makes or signs, or countersigns such warrant or warrants, as the officer or officers that obey or execute the same, shall suffer and incur the pains and forfeitures in this act before mentioned, both for the first and second offence respectively, to be recovered in manner aforesaid by the party grieved.

X. Provided also, and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it shall and may be lawful to and for any prisoner and prisoners as aforesaid, to move and obtain his or their habeas corpus as well out of the high court of chancery or court of exchequer, as out of the courts of King's bench or common pleas, or either of them; (2) and if the said lord chancellor or lord keeper, or any judge or judges, baron or barons for the time being, of the degree of the coif, of any of the courts aforesaid, in the vacation time, upon view of the copy or copies of the warrant or warrants of commitment or detainer, or upon oath made that such copy or copies were denied as aforesaid, shall deny any writ of habeas corpus by this act required to be granted, being moved for as aforesaid, they shall severally forfeit to the prisoner or party grieved the sum of five hundred pounds, to be recovered in manner aforesaid.

XI. And be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, That an habeas corpus according to the true intent and meaning of this act, may be directed and run into any county palatine, the cinque-ports, or other privileged places within the kingdom of England, dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick upon Tweed, and the islands of Jersey or Guernsey; any law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.

XII. And for preventing illegal imprisonments in prisons beyond the seas; (2) be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That no subject of this realm that now is, or hereafter shall be an inhabitant or resiant of this kingdom of England, dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick upon Tweed, shall or may be sent prisoner into Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, Tangier, or into parts, garrisons, islands or places beyond the seas, which are or at any time hereafter shall be within or without the dominions of his Majesty, his heirs or successors; (3) and that every such imprisonment is hereby enacted and adjudged to be illegal; (4) and that if any of the said subjects now is or hereafter shall be so imprisoned, every such person and persons so imprisoned, shall and may for every such imprisonment maintain by virtue of this act an action or actions of false imprisonment, in any of his Majesty's courts of record, against the person or persons by whom he or she shall be so committed, detained, imprisoned, sent prisoner or transported, contrary to the true meaning of this act, and against all or any person or persons that shall frame, contrive, write, seal or countersign any warrant or writing for such commitment, detainer, imprisonment or transportation, or shall be advising, aiding or assisting, in the same, or any of them; (5) and the plaintiff in every such action shall have judgment to recover his treble costs, besides damages, which damages so to be given, shall not be less than five hundred pounds; (6) in which action no delay stay or stop of proceeding by rule, order or command, nor no injunction, protection or privilege whatsoever, nor any more than one imparlance shall be allowed, excepting such rule of the court wherein the action shall depend, made in open court, as shall be thought in justice necessary, for special cause to be expressed in the said rule; (7) and the person or persons who shall knowingly frame, contrive, write, seal or countersign any warant for such commitment, detainer or transportation, or shall so commit, detain, imprison or transport any person or persons contrary to this act, or be any ways advising, aiding or assisting therein, being lawfully convicted thereof, shall be disabled from thenceforth to bear any office of trust or profit within the said realm of England, dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick upon Tweed, or any of the islands, territories or dominions thereunto belonging; (8) and shall incur and sustain the pains, penalties and forfeitures limited, ordained and provided in and by the statute of provision and praemunire made in the sixteenth year of King Richard the Second; (9) and be incapable of any pardon from the King, his heirs or successors, of the said forfeitures, losses or disabilities, or any of them.

XIII. Provided always, That nothing in this act shall extend to give benefit to any person who shall by contract in writing agree with any merchant or owner of any plantation, or other person whatsoever, to be transported to any parts beyond the seas, and receive earnest upon such agreement, although that afterwards such person shall renounce such contract.

XIV. Provided always, and be it enacted, That if any person or persons lawfully convicted of any felony, shall in open court pray to be transported beyond the seas, and the court shall think fit to leave him or them in prison for that purpose, such person or persons may be transported into any parts beyond the seas, this act or any thing therein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.

XV. Provided also, and be it enacted, That nothing herein contained shall be deemed, construed or taken, to extend to the imprisonment of any person before the first day of June one thousand six hundred seventy and nine, or to any thing advised, procured, or otherwise done, relating to such imprisonment; any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.

XVI. Provided also, That if any person or persons at any time resiant in this realm, shall have committed any capital offence in Scotland or Ireland, or any of the islands, or foreign plantations of the King, his heirs or successors, where he or she ought to be tried for such offence, such person or persons may be sent to such place, there to receive such trial, in such manner as the same might have been used before the making of this act; any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.

XVII. Provided also, and be it enacted, That no person or persons shall be sued, impleaded, molested, or troubled for any offence against this act, unless the party offending be sued or impleaded for the same within two years at the most after such time wherein the offence shall be committed, in case the party grieved shall not be then in prison; and if he shall be in prison, then within the space of two years after the decease of the person imprisoned, or his or her delivery out of prison, which shall first happen.

XVIII. And to the intent no person may avoid his trial at the assizes or general gaol-delivery, by procuring his removal before the assizes, at such time as he cannot be brought back to receive his trial there; (2) be it enacted, That after the assizes proclaimed for that county where the prisoner is detained, no person shall be removed from the common gaol upon any habeas corpus granted in pursuance of this act, but upon any such habeas corpus shall be brought before the judge of assize in open court, who is thereupon to do what to justice shall appertain.

XIX. Provided nevertheless, That after the assizes are ended, any person or persons detained, may have his or her habeas corpus according to the direction and intention of this act.

XX. And be it also enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any information, suit or action shall be brought or exhibited against any person or persons for any offence committed or to be committed against the form of this law, it shall be lawful for such defendants to plead the general issue, that they are not guilty, or that they owe nothing, and to give such special matter in evidence to the jury that shall try the same, which matter being pleaded had been good and sufficient matter in law to have discharged the said defendant or defendants against the said information, suit or action, and the said matter shall be then as available to him or them, to all intents and purposes, as if he or they had sufficiently pleaded, set forth or alledged the same matter in bar or discharge of such information suit or action.

XXI. And because many times persons charged with petty treason or felony, or as accessaries thereunto, are committed upon suspicion only, whereupon they are bailable, or not, according as the circumstances making out that suspicion are more or less weighty, which are best known to the justices of peace that committed the persons, and have the examinations before them, or to other justices of the peace in the county; (2) be it therefore enacted, That where any person shall appear to be committed by any judge or justice of the peace and charged as accessary before the fact, to any petty treason or felony, or upon suspicion thereof, or with suspicion of petty treason or felony, which petty treason or felony shall be plainly and specially expressed in the warrant of commitment, that such person shall not be removed or bailed by virtue of this act, or in any other manner than they might have been before the making of this act.











A : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan
B : Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi
C : Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Republic of the... ,Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic
D : Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic

E : Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia
F : Fiji, Finland, France
G : Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana
H : Haiti, Honduras, Hungary
I : Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy
J : Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
K : Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
L : Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
M : Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,
N : Namibia, Nauru, Nepal , Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
O : Oman
P : Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Q : Qatar
R : Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda
S : Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic,
T : Tajikistan, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia , Turkey Turkmenistan, Tuvalu
U : Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan
V : Vanuatu, Venezuela, Bolivarian, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

The Federal Republic of Germany

Penal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany

Source : Buffalo Criminal Law

[bilingual version] : Buffalo Criminal Law


General Part
Section 1: The Criminal Law
Title I: Area of Applicability

§ 1. No punishment without statutory authorization
§ 2. Temporal application
§ 3. Application to conduct within Germany
§ 4. Application to conduct on German ships and aircraft
§ 5. Conduct outside Germany affecting domestic legal interests
§ 6. Conduct outside Germany affecting internationally protected interests
§ 7. Application to other types of conduct
§ 8. Time of conduct
§ 9. Place of conduct
§ 10. Special regulations for juveniles and young adults

Title II: Terminology

§ 11. Expressions pertaining to persons and things
§ 12. Felonies and misdemeanors

Section Two: Criminal Conduct

Title I: Basis for the Imposition of Criminal Punishment

§ 13. Omission as commission
§ 14. Acting for another
§ 15. Intentional and negligent conduct
§ 16. Mistake of fact
§ 17. Mistake of law
§ 18. Increased punishment for special consequences of crime
§ 19. Criminal incapacity of the child
§ 20. Lack of criminal capacity because of mental disorder
§ 21. Diminished capacity

Title II: Attempt

§ 22. Definition
§ 23. Punishment of an attempt
§ 24. Abandonment

Title III: Parties to Crime

§ 25. Principals
§ 26. Instigation
§ 27. Aiding and abeting
§ 28. Special personal characteristics
§ 29. Independent criminal responsibility of parties to crime
§ 30. Attempt to enlist participation in crime
§ 31. Abandonment of the attempt to enlist participation in crime

Title IV: Self Defense and Necessity

§ 32. Self defense
§ 33. Exceeding the bounds of self defense
§ 34. Necessity as justification
§ 35. Necessity as excuse

Title V: Parliamentary Privilege

§ 36. Parliamentary statements
§ 37. Parliamentary reports


GERMAN PENAL CODE
General Part
Chapter 1. The Penal Law
Title 1. Scope of Applicability

§ 1. No punishment without statutory law.
An act can be punished only if it had been made punishable by statutory law prior to the act’s commission.

§ 2. Temporal applicability.
(I) The punishment and its collateral effects are determined by the statutory law applicable at the time of the act.
(II) If the penal threat is amended during the act’s commission, then that statutory law is to be
applied which is applicable at the act’s completion.
(III) If the statutory law applicable at the act’s completion is amended before the judgment, then the most lenient statutory law is to be applied.
(IV) A statutory law that is intended to be applicable only for a specified time is to be applied to acts committed while it is applicable, even if it has expired. This does not apply insofar as a statutory law provides otherwise.
(V) Subsections (I) to (IV) correspondingly apply to forfeiture, confiscation and disablement.
(VI) Measures of betterment and security are to be determined according to the statutory law applicable at the time of judgment, unless provided otherwise by statutory law.

§ 3. Applicability to acts within the country.
German penal law is applicable to acts committed within the country.

§ 4. Applicability to acts on German ships and aircraft.
German penal law is applicable, independent of the law of the place of the act, to acts committed on a ship or an aircraft entitled to display the federal flag or the insignia of state membership of the Federal Republic of Germany.

§ 5. Acts outside the country against law goods within the country.
German penal law is applicable, independent of the law of the place of the act, to the following acts committed outside the country:
1. Preparation for a war of aggression (§ 80);
2. High treason (§§ 81 to 83);
3. Endangering the democratic law state
(a) in cases under §§ 89, 90a(I) and 90b, if the actor is a German and the foundation of his life lies within the scope of spatial applicability of this law, and,
(b) in cases under §§ 90 and 90a(II);
4. Treason against the country and endangering external security (§§ 94 to 100a);
5. Offenses against the defense of the country
(a) in cases under §§ 109 and 109e to 109g and
(b) in cases under §§ 109a, 109d and 109h, if the actor is a German and the foundation of his life lies within the scope of spatial applicability of this law;
6. Abduction and political suspicion (§§ 234a, 241a), if the act is directed against a German domiciled or customarily resident within the country;
6a. Removal of a child in cases under § 235(II)(2), if the act is directed against a person domiciled or customarily resident within the country;
7. Violation of business or trade secrets of a business located within the scope of spatial applicability of this law, of an enterprise located there, or of an enterprise located outside the country that is controlled by an enterprise located within the scope of spatial applicability of this law and forms a concern with that enterprise;
8. Offenses against sexual self-determination
(a) in cases under § 174(I) and (III), if the actor and the person against whom the act is committed are Germans at the time of the act and the foundation of their lives lies within the country, and
(b) in cases under §§ 176 to 176b and 182, if the actor is a German;
9. Termination of pregnancy (§ 218), if the actor is a German at the time of the act and the foundation of his life lies within the scope of spatial applicability of this law;
10. False unsworn statement, perjury and false affirmation in place of an oath (§§ 153 to 156) in a proceeding that is pending, within the scope of spatial applicability of this law, before a court or some other German office charged with the administration of oaths or of affirmations in place of an oath;
11. Offenses against the environment in cases under §§ 324, 326, 330 and 330a, that are committed within the scope of the exclusive German economic zone, insofar as international law treaties for the protection of the high seas permit their prosecution as offenses;
12. Acts committed by a German office holder or person with a special duty of public service during an official stay or in connection with his service;
13. Acts committed by a foreigner acting as an office holder or person with a special duty of public service;
14. Acts committed against an office holder, a person with a special duty of public service or a soldier of the Bundeswehr during the execution of their service or in connection with their service;
15. Trade in organs (§ 18 of the Transplant Law), if the actor is a German at the time of the act.

§6. Acts outside the country against internationally protected law goods.
German penal law furthermore is applicable, independent of the law of the place of the act, to the following acts committed outside of the country:
1. Genocide (§ 220a);
2. Crimes involving atomic energy, explosives and radiation in cases under §§ 307, 308 (I) to (IV), 309(II) and 310;
3. Attacks on air and sea traffic (§ 316c);
4. Traffic in human beings (§ 180b) and aggravated traffic in human beings (§ 181);
5. Unauthorized distribution of narcotics;
6. Dissemination of pornography in cases under § 184(III) & (IV);
7. Forgery of currency and securities (§§ 146, 151 and 152), forgery of guarantee cards and forms for Eurocheques (§ 152a(I) to (IV)), as well as their preparation (§§ 149, 151, 152 and 152a(V));
8. Economic subsidy fraud (§ 264);
9. Acts that are to prosecuted by the terms of an international treaty binding on the Federal Republic of Germany even if they are committed outside the country.

§ 7. Applicability to acts outside the country in other cases.
(I) German penal law is applicable to acts committed outside the country against a German, if the act is threatened with punishment at the place of the act or the place of the act is not subject to any penal power.
(II) German penal law is applicable to other acts committed outside the country, if the act is threatened with punishment at the place of the act or the place of the act is not subject to any penal power and if the actor
1. was a German at the time of the act or became a German after the act, or
2. was a foreigner at the time of the act, was apprehended within the country and, although the Extradition Law would permit extradition according to the type of act, is not extradited because a request for extradition was not made, or was refused, or extradition is not feasible.

§ 8. Time of the act.
An act is committed at the time when the actor or the participant has acted or, in case of an omission, should have acted. It is not significant when the result occurred.

§ 9. Place of the act.
(I) An act is committed at any place where the actor has acted or, in case of an omission, should have acted, or where the result belonging to the act definition occurred or was to occur according to the actor’s belief.
(II) Participation is committed at the place where the act is committed, as well as at any place where the participant has acted or, in case of an omission, should have acted or wheter the act was to be committed according to his belief. If the participant in an act outside the country has acted within the country, then the German penal law is applicable to the participation, even if the act was not threatened with punishment according to the law of the place of the act.

§ 10. Special provisions for juveniles and young adults.
This law is applicable to juveniles and young adults only insofar as the Juvenile Court Law does not provide otherwise.

Title 2. Terminology

§ 11. Terms pertaining to persons and things.
(I) In the sense of this law,
1. “relative" is someone who belongs to the following persons:
(a) relations by blood and by marriage in direct line, the spouse, the fiancé, siblings, spouses of siblings, siblings of spouses, even when the marriage that created the relationship no longer exists, or when the relationship by blood or marriage has ceased.
(b) foster parents and foster children;
2. "office holder" is someone who, according to German law,
(a) is a civil servant or judge;
(b) occupies some other office governed by public law;
(c) is otherwise assigned at, or by request of, an agency or similar office to perform tasks of public administration regardless of the organizational form chosen for the performance of these tasks;
3. "judge" is someone who, according to German law, is a professional or honorary judge;
4. "person with a special duty of public service" is someone who, without being a an office
holder, is employed by or active for:
(a) an agency or other office that performs tasks of public administration, or
(b) an association or some other organization, business or enterprise that performs tasks of public administration for an agency or for some other office, and who, on the basis of a law, is formally obligated to perform his duties conscientiously;
5. "unlawful act" is only that act which fulfills the act definition in a penal law;
6. "undertaking of an act" is its attempt and its completion;
7. "agency" is also a court;
8. "measure" is any measure of betterment and security, as well as forfeiture, confiscation, and disablement;
9. "compensation" is any consideration consisting of a pecuniary benefit.
(II) An act is also “intentional” in the sense of this law if it manifests a statutory act definition that presupposes intention with respect to conduct, but lets negligence suffice with respect to the specific result brought about by the conduct.
(III) Audio and video recordings, databases, images and other representations are equivalent to writings in those provisions that refer to this subsection.

§ 12. Felonies and misdemeanors.
(I) Felonies are unlawful acts that are threatened at a minimum with punishment by deprivation of liberty for one year or more.
(II) Misdemeanors are unlawful acts that are threatened at a minimum with a lesser punishment by deprivation of liberty or monetary punishment.
(III) Aggravations and mitigations, which are provided for according to the provisions of the General Part or in especially serious or less serious cases, are irrelevant for this distinction.

Chapter 2. The Act
Title 1. Grounds of Punishability

§ 13. Commission by omission.
(I) Whoever fails to avert a result belonging to the act definition in a penal law is only punishable under this law if he is legally responsible for the non-occurrence of the result and if the omission is equivalent to the manifestation of the statutory act definition by commission.
(II) The punishment can be mitigated according to § 49(l).

§ 14. Acting for another.
(I) If someone acts
1. as the authorized representative organ of a juridical person or as a member of such an organ,
2. as the authorized representative partner of a commercial partnership or
3. as the legal representative of another,
then a law according to which punishability is based on special personal qualities, relationships or circumstances (special personal characteristics) is to be applied also to the representative if these characteristics are present not in the representative but in the represented.
(II) If someone is
1. commissioned to manage a business in its entirety or in part, or
2. explicitly commissioned to perform on his own responsibility tasks incumbent upon the business’s owner, by the owner of the business or a person otherwise authorized to do so, and he acts on the basis of this commission, then a law according to which punishability is based on special personal characteristics is to be applied also to the commissioned person if these characteristics are present not in him but in the owner of the business. An enterprise is equivalent to a business in the sense of clause 1. If someone acts on the basis of a corresponding commission for an office that performs tasks of public administration, then clause 1 is to be applied accordingly.
(III) Subsections (I) and (II) are also to be applied if the legal act that was to establish the representation authorization or the commission relationship is void.

§ 15. Intentional and negligent conduct.
Only intentional conduct is punishable, unless the statutory law expressly threatens negligent conduct with punishment.

§ 16. Mistake regarding circumstances of the act.
(I) Whoever in committing the act does not know of a circumstance belonging to the statutory act definition does not act intentionally. The punishability for negligent commission remains unaffected.
(II) Whoever in committing the act mistakenly assumes circumstances that would manifest the act definition of a more lenient law, can be punished for intentional commission only according to the more lenient law.

§ 17. Mistake regarding prohibition.
If the actor in committing the act lacks the recognition that he acts unlawfully, then he acts without guilt if this mistake was unavoidable. Could the actor have avoided the mistake, then the punishment can be mitigated according to § 49(I).

§ 18. Heavier punishment for special effects of an act.
If the law ties a heavier punishment to a special effect of the act, then the punishment applies to the actor or the participant only if he was at least negligent with respect to this effect.

§ 19. Guilt incapacity of the child.
Whoever in committing the act is not yet fourteen years old is incapable of guilt.

§ 20. Guilt incapacity because of mental disorder.
Whoever in committing the act is incapable of appreciating the unlawfulness of the act or of acting according to this appreciation because of a pathological mental disorder, because of a serious consciousness disorder or because of feeblemindedness or another serious mental abnormality acts without guilt.

§ 21. Diminished guilt capacity.
If, in committing the act, the actor’s capacity to appreciate the unlawfulness of the act or to act according to this appreciation is substantially diminished for one of the reasons indicated in § 20, then the punishment can be mitigated according to § 49(I).

Title 2. Attempt

§ 22. Definition of the term.
Whoever immediately proceeds to the manifestation of the act definition according to his conception of the act attempts to commit an offense.

§ 23. Punishability of the attempt.
(I) The attempt to commit a felony is always punishable, the attempt to commit a misdemeanor only if the statutory law expressly so provides.
(II) The attempt can be punished more leniently than the completed act (§ 49(I)).
(III) If the actor, due to a gross lack of comprehension, failed to realize that the attempt could not possibly lead to completion on account of the nature of the object against which or the means by which the act was to be committed, then the court can dispense with punishment or reduce the punishment in its discretion (§ 49(II)).

§ 24. Withdrawal.
(I) Whoever voluntarily abandons the further execution of the act or prevents its completion shall not be punished for attempt. If he act is not completed without contribution by the person withdrawing from the attempt, then he will be free from punishment if he voluntarily and earnestly seeks to prevent the completion.
(II) If several persons participate in the act, then anyone who voluntarily prevents the completion is not punished for attempt. However, to be free from punishment it suffices that he voluntarily and earnestly seek to prevent the completion of the act if it is not completed without his contribution or independent of his previous contribution to the act.

Title 3. Actorship and Participation

§ 25. Actorship.
(I) Whoever commits the offense himself or through another is punished as an actor.
(II) If several persons commit the offense jointly, then each is punishment as an actor (joint
actor).

§ 26. Instigation.
Whoever intentionally induces another to his intentionally committed unlawful act is punished as an instigator equal to an actor.

§ 27. Aid.
(I) Whoever intentionally aids another in his intentionally committed unlawful act is punished as an aider.
(II) The punishment for the aider is determined by the threatened punishment for the actor. It is to be mitigated according to § 49(I).

§ 28. Special personal characteristics.
(I) If the special personal characteristics (§ 14(I)) giving rise to the actor’s punishability are not present in the participant (instigator or aider), then his punishment is to be mitigated according to § 49(I).
(II) If the statutory law provides that special personal characteristics aggravate, mitigate or preclude punishment, then this is applicable only to the party (actor or participant) who possesses them.

§ 29. Independent punishability of each party.
Each party is punished according to his guilt without regard to the guilt of the other.

§ 30. Attempted participation.
(I) Whoever attempts to induce another to commit or instigate a felony is punished according to the provisions regarding the attempt to commit a felony. However, the punishment is to be reduced according to § 49(I). § 23 (III) is applicable accordingly.
(II) Whoever declares himself ready to, acceded to another’s request to, or makes plans with
another to, commit or instigate a felony is punished in the same manner.

§ 31. Withdrawal from attempted participation.
(I) Whoever voluntarily
1. abandons the attempt to induce another to commit a felony and averts any danger that the other commit the act
2. after having declared himself ready to commit a felony, abandons his plan or,
3. after having planned with another, or having acceded to another’s request, to commit a felony, prevents the act,
is not punished according to § 30.
(II) If the act does not occur without contribution by the person withdrawing from the attempt or if it is committed independent of his previous behavior, then his voluntary and earnest effort to prevent act suffices for him to be free from punishment.

Title 4. Emergency Defense and State of Emergency

§ 32. Emergency defense.
(I) Whoever commits an act necessitated by an emergency defense acts not unlawfully.
(II) Emergency defense is that defense which is necessary to avert a present unlawful attack upon oneself or another.

§ 33. Exceeding the emergency defense.
If the actor exceeds the bounds of emergency defense due to confusion, fear or fright, then he is not punished.

§ 34. State of emergency as justification.
Whoever commits an act in a present and otherwise unavertable danger to life, body, liberty, honor, property or another law good to avert the danger from himself or another, acts not unlawfully if in weighing the conflicting interests, particularly the affected law goods and the degree of the danger threatening them, the protected interest substantially outweighs the impaired one. However, this is applicable only insofar as the act is an appropriate means to avert the danger.

§ 35. State of emergency as excuse.
(I) Whoever commits an unlawful act in a present and otherwise unavertable danger to life, body or liberty to avert the danger from himself, a relative or another person close to him, acts without guilt. This is not applicable insofar as the actor can be expected to accept the danger, particularly because he himself caused the danger or because he held a special legal relationship; however, the punishment can be mitigated according to § 49(I) if the actor did not have to accept the danger in consideration of a special legal relationship.
(II) If the actor in committing the act mistakenly assumes circumstances that would excuse him according to subsection (I), then he is punished only if he could avoided the mistake. The punishment is to be mitigated according to § 49(I).


Title 5. Freedom from Punishment for Parliamentary Statements and Reports

§ 36. Parliamentary statements.
Members of the Bundestag, the Federal Convention or of one of the legislative bodies of a Land belonging to the Federal Republic of Germany shall never be held responsible outside their respective legislative bodies for their voting or for any statement which they make in the legislative body or in one of its committees. This provision shall not apply to defamatory insults.

§ 37. Parliamentary reports.
No criminal responsibility attaches to truthful reports about the public sessions of those legislative bodies and committees designated in § 36.









A : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan
B : Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi
C : Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Republic of the... ,Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic
D : Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic

E : Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia
F : Fiji, Finland, France
G : Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana
H : Haiti, Honduras, Hungary
I : Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy
J : Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
K : Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
L : Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
M : Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,
N : Namibia, Nauru, Nepal , Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
O : Oman
P : Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Q : Qatar
R : Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda
S : Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic,
T : Tajikistan, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia , Turkey Turkmenistan, Tuvalu
U : Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan
V : Vanuatu, Venezuela, Bolivarian, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United States of America

Federal





State


Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusett, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands





Other states

A : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
B : Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi
C : Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic
D : Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic
E : Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia
F : Fiji, Finland, France
G : Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
H : Haiti, Honduras, Hungary
I : Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy
J : Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
K : Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
L : Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg
M : Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,
N : Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway
O : Oman
P : Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal
Q : Qatar
R : Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda
S : Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic,
T : Tajikistan, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia , Turkey Turkmenistan, Tuvalu
U : Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan
V : Vanuatu, Venezuela, Bolivarian, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

List of Member States

List of Member States

Following is the alphabetical list of the 192 Member States of the United Nations with, between parentheses, the date on which they joined the Organization.

Source : UN members list

A

1. Afghanistan (19 November 1946)
2. Albania (14 December 1955)
3. Algeria (8 October 1962)
4. Andorra (28 July 1993)
5. Angola (1 December 1976)
6. Antigua and Barbuda (11 November 1981)
7. Argentina (24 October 1945)
8. Armenia (2 March 1992)
9. Australia (1 November 1945)
10. Austria (14 December 1955)
11. Azerbaijan (2 March 1992)

B

12. Bahamas (18 September 1973)
13. Bahrain (21 September 1971)
14. Bangladesh (17 September 1974)
15. Barbados (9 December 1966)
16. Belarus (24 October 1945)
17. Belgium (27 December 1945)
18. Belize (25 September 1981)
19. Benin (20 September 1960)
20. Bhutan (21 September 1971)
21. Bolivia (14 November 1945)
22. Bosnia and Herzegovina (22 May 1992)
23. Botswana (17 October 1966)
24. Brazil (24 October 1945)
25. Brunei Darussalam (21 September 1984)
26. Bulgaria (14 December 1955)
27. Burkina Faso (20 September 1960)
28. Burundi (18 September 1962)


C

29. Cambodia (14 December 1955)
30. Cameroon (20 September 1960)
31. Canada (9 November 1945)
32. Cape Verde (16 September 1975)
33. Central African Republic (20 September 1960)
34. Chad (20 September 1960)
35. Chile (24 October 1945)
36. China (24 October 1945)
37. Colombia (5 November 1945)
38. Comoros (12 November 1975)
39. Congo, Republic of the... (20 September 1960)
40. Costa Rica (2 November 1945)
41. Côte d'Ivoire (20 September 1960)
42. Croatia (22 May 1992)
43. Cuba (24 October 1945)
44. Cyprus (20 September 1960)
45. Czech Republic (19 January 1993)

D

46. Democratic People's Republic of Korea (17 September 1991)
47. Democratic Republic of the Congo (20 September 1960)
48. Denmark (24 October 1945)
49. Djibouti (20 September 1977)
50. Dominica (18 December 1978)
51. Dominican Republic (24 October 1945)


E

52. Ecuador (21 December 1945)
53. Egypt (24 October 1945)
54. El Salvador (24 October 1945)
55. Equatorial Guinea (12 November 1968)
56. Eritrea (28 May 1993)
57. Estonia (17 September 1991)
58. Ethiopia (13 November 1945)

F
59. Fiji (13 October 1970)
60. Finland (14 December 1955)
61. France (24 October 1945)

G

62. Gabon (20 September 1960)
63. Gambia (21 September 1965)
64. Georgia (31 July 1992)
65. Germany (18 September 1973)
66. Ghana (8 March 1957)
67. Greece (25 October 1945)
68. Grenada (17 September 1974)
69. Guatemala (21 November 1945)
70. Guinea (12 December 1958)
71. Guinea-Bissau (17 September 1974)
72. Guyana (20 September 1966)

H

73. Haiti (24 October 1945)
74. Honduras (17 December 1945)
75. Hungary (14 December 1955)

I

76. Iceland (19 November 1946)
77. India (30 October 1945)
78. Indonesia (28 September 1950)
79. Iran, Islamic Republic of... (24 October 1945)
80. Iraq (21 December 1945)
81. Ireland (14 December 1955)
82. Israel (11 May 1949)
83. Italy (14 December 1955)

J

84. Jamaica (18 September 1962)
85. Japan (18 December 1956)
86. Jordan (14 December 1955)

K

87. Kazakhstan (2 March 1992)
88. Kenya (16 December 1963)
89. Kiribati (14 September 1999)
90. Kuwait (14 May 1963)
91. Kyrgyzstan (2 March 1992)

L

92. Lao People's Democratic Republic (14 December 1955)
93. Latvia (17 September 1991)
94. Lebanon (24 October 1945)
95. Lesotho (17 October 1966)
96. Liberia (2 November 1945)
97. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (14 December 1955)
98. Liechtenstein (18 September 1990)
99. Lithuania (17 September 1991)
100. Luxembourg (24 October 1945)


M

101. Madagascar (20 September 1960)
102. Malawi (1 December 1964)
103. Malaysia (17 September 1957)
104. Maldives (21 September 1965)
105. Mali (28 September 1960)
106. Malta (1 December 1964)
107. Marshall Islands (17 September 1991)
108. Mauritania (27 October 1961)
109. Mauritius (24 April 1968)
110. Mexico (7 November 1945)
111. Micronesia, Federated States of... (17 September 1991)
112. Moldova (2 March 1992)
113. Monaco (28 May 1993)
114. Mongolia (27 October 1961)
115. Montenegro (28 June 2006)
116. Morocco (12 November 1956)
117. Mozambique (16 September 1975)
118. Myanmar (19 April 1948)

N

119. Namibia (23 April 1990)
120. Nauru (14 September 1999)
121. Nepal (14 December 1955)
122. Netherlands (10 December 1945)
123. New Zealand (24 October 1945)
124. Nicaragua (24 October 1945)
125. Niger (20 September 1960)
126. Nigeria (7 October 1960)
127. Norway (27 November 1945)

O

128. Oman (7 October 1971)


P

129. Pakistan (30 September 1947)
130. Palau (15 December 1994)
131. Panama (13 November 1945)
132. Papua New Guinea (10 October 1975)
133. Paraguay (24 October 1945)
134. Peru (31 October 1945)
135. Philippines (24 October 1945)
136. Poland (24 October 1945)
137. Portugal (14 December 1955)

Q

138. Qatar (21 September 1971)

R

139. Republic of Korea (17 September 1991)
140. Romania (14 December 1955)
141. Russian Federation (24 October 1945)
142. Rwanda (18 September 1962)

S

143. Saint Kitts and Nevis (23 September 1983)
144. Saint Lucia (18 September 1979)
145. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (16 September 1980)
146. Samoa (15 December 1976)
147. San Marino (2 March 1992)
148. Sao Tome and Principe (16 September 1975)
149. Saudi Arabia (24 October 1945)
150. Senegal (28 September 1960)
151. Serbia (1 November 2000)
152. Seychelles (21 September 1976)
153. Sierra Leone (27 September 1961)
154. Singapore (21 September 1965)
155. Slovakia (19 January 1993)
156. Slovenia (22 May 1992)
157. Solomon Islands (19 September 1978)
158. Somalia (20 September 1960)
159. South Africa (7 November 1945)
160. Spain (14 December 1955)
161. Sri Lanka (14 December 1955)
162. Sudan (12 November 1956)
163. Suriname (4 December 1975)
164. Swaziland (24 September 1968)
165. Sweden (19 November 1946)
166. Switzerland (10 September 2002)
167. Syrian Arab Republic (24 October 1945)

T

168. Tajikistan (2 March 1992)
169. Thailand (16 December 1946)
170. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (8 April 1993)
171. Timor-Leste (27 September 2002)
172. Togo (20 September 1960)
173. Tonga (14 September 1999)
174. Trinidad and Tobago (18 September 1962)
175. Tunisia (12 November 1956)
176. Turkey (24 October 1945)
177. Turkmenistan (2 March 1992)
178. Tuvalu (5 September 2000)

U

179. Uganda (25 October 1962)
180. Ukraine (24 October 1945)
181. United Arab Emirates (9 December 1971)
182. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (24 October 1945)
183. United Republic of Tanzania (14 December 1961)
184. United States of America (24 October 1945)
185. Uruguay (18 December 1945)
186. Uzbekistan (2 March 1992)

V

187. Vanuatu (15 September 1981)
188. Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of... (15 November 1945)
189. Viet Nam (20 September 1977)

Y

190. Yemen (30 September 1947)

Z

191. Zambia (1 December 1964)
192. Zimbabwe (25 August 1980)

Constitutions of Indonesia

UUD RI Tahun 1945


AMANDEMEN UUD 1945

Amandemen I UUD 1945
Amandemen II UUD 1945
Amandemen III UUD 1945
Amandemen IV UUD 1945



UUD Sementara 1950
Mukaddimah> BAB I Negara RI
BAB II Alat Perlengkapan Nagara
BAB III Tugas Perlengkapan Negara
BAB IV Pemda & Daerah Swaraja
BAB V Konstituante
BAB VI



Konstitusi RIS


----------------------------
Piagam-Jakarta
Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959

Technorati Profile

Technorati Profile